1. Dab tsi yog cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv steel rails nyob rau hauv siab -altitude railways (xws li, Himalayan kab)?
High- txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau qhov siab (ntau tshaj 3,000m) ntsib huab cua nyias, txias txias, thiab UV hluav taws xob, tsim kom muaj kev sib tw tshwj xeeb:
Brittleness: Cov kub txias (-20℃txog -30 degree) ua rau cov hlau nkig; rails siv nickel-alloy steel (1-2% nickel) los txhim kho toughness.
UV puas: Lub hnub ci hnyav degrades rail coatings; UV-cov xim resistant lossis galvanization tiv thaiv qhov chaw.
Tsawg oxygen: Kev vuam ntawm qhov siab siab yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, tiv thaiv cov pa nrog cov pa oxygen siab dua) kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog welds.
Av tsis ruaj khov: Permafrost thaw tuaj yeem hloov txoj hlua; flexible fasteners tso cai rau me me txav yam tsis muaj misalignment.
2. Yuav ua li cas rail sib tsoo tshuab kho lawv cov txheej txheem rau txawv rail hnav qauv?
Cov tshuab sib tsoo siv cov pob zeb hloov kho kom haum rau cov qauv hnav tshwj xeeb:
Corrugation (yoj-zoo li hnav): Siv zoo - pob zeb grit nrog qeeb hla mus kom du ncov thiab hav.
Lub taub hau check (me me tawg): Lub kaum pob zeb kom zom 0.5-1mm tawm ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau, tshem tawm cov txheej tawg.
Sab hnav (curves): Tilt pob zeb kom zom lub taub hau sab hauv rail, rov kho qhov qub profile.
Squat (indentations): Tsom ntsoov rau qhov sib sib zog nqus, hauv zos sib tsoo kom tshem tawm cov indentations ua ntej lawv nthuav dav.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm siv laser scanners los qhia cov qauv hnav, cov tshuab programming kom meej, tsom sib tsoo.
3. Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau qhov kawg ntawm lub log -rail kev sib txhuam coefficients?
Rail nto tiav ncaj qha cuam tshuam kev sib txhuam:
Ua kom tiav: Txo kev sib txhuam (coefficient ~ 0.3), txo qhov hnav tab sis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub log poob hauv cov dej ntub dej.
Rougher tiav: Ua kom muaj kev sib txhuam (coefficient ~ 0.5), txhim kho traction (tseem ceeb rau cov gradients ntxhab) tab sis nrawm hnav.
Kev tsheb ciav hlau sib npaug qhov no los ntawm kev kho kev sib tsoo: siab - cov kab nrawm nyiam ua kom tiav kom nrawm; roob kab siv rougher tiav rau tuav. ntub- huab cua kev sib txhuam hloov pauv (xws li graphite sprays) kho cov coefficients ib ntus raws li xav tau.
4. Yuav ua li cas steel rails nyob rau hauv tub rog railway tiv thaiv hnyav armored tsheb tsheb?
Tub rog rails, siv rau tso tsheb hlau luam thiab armored tsheb, yuav tsum tau heev durability:
Ultra{0}} hnyav hnyav: 90–100 kg/m (vs. 75 kg/m rau pej xeem hnyav-haul) los tuav 80+ ton tsheb hnyav.
Ob chav - taub hau kev tsheb ciav hlau: Symmetrical tsim tso cai flipping rails thaum ib sab hnav, ob npaug rau kev pab cuam lub neej.
Reinforced fasteners: Steel bolts nrog locknuts tiv thaiv loosening raws li kev cuam tshuam rov qab.
Plua plav ballast: Txo cov av txav hauv qab hnyav; siv compacted gravel rau stability.
5. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm rail lubricants yog dab tsi hauv kev txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob rau cov tsheb ciav hlau thauj khoom?
Rail lubricants (siv rau cov tsheb ciav hlau sab hauv nkhaus) txo kev sib txhuam ntawm lub log flanges thiab cov ntsia hlau, txiav lub zog siv los ntawm 3-5% rau kev thauj khoom thauj. Qhov no ua haujlwm los ntawm:
Txo flange-rail kev sib txhuam los ntawm ~ 0.6 txog ~ 0.3, txo qis.
Txo lub log / tsheb ciav hlau hnav, uas tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm.
Txo kev vibration, uas nkim zog raws li cua sov.
Ib daim ntawv thov lubrication ib zaug (ntev 2-3 lub lis piam) tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau txhiab litres ntawm diesel rau cov kab tsheb thauj khoom tsis khoom.