1. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm "standard gauge" thiab "qis-gauge" rails, thiab cov qauv siv li cas?
Standard gauge (1435mm) rails dav, tuav hnyav tsheb ciav hlau (xws li, UIC 60, AREMA 115RE). Nqaim-gauge (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1067mm) cov tsheb ciav hlau sib dua, rau cov tsheb ciav hlau me (xws li UIC 33, 33kg / m, siv rau hauv roob railways; Indian 52kg / m rau 1000mm gauge). Standard gauge rails muaj tuab taub hau / webs rau hnyav loads; nqaim-gauge rails yog compact dua. Standard gauge dominates mainlines; nqaim-gauge pab rau txoj kev nyob deb nroog/industrial.
2. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yas deformation yog dab tsi, thiab qhov twg rails feem ntau ua rau nws?
Yas deformation yog kev tsheb nqaj hlau mus tas li los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub log (piv txwv li, nyuaj braking, hnyav axles). Rails nrog lub taub hau softer (piv txwv li, tsis yog -kub- kho UIC 54) yog qhov yooj yim rau nws, vim lawv lub taub hau tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nkag. Thaum tshav kub kub-kho cov ntsia hlau (AREMA 132RE, CRTS 300N) nrog cov txheej tawv tawv (340–400HB) tiv taus deformation. Deformation ruins rail profile, nce kev co-txoj kev cuam tshuam yog hauv av los yog hloov.
3. Lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm UIC 60 rail yog dab tsi, thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau nws?
UIC 60 muaj 15-25 xyoo kev pab cuam lub neej, nyob ntawm kev khiav tsheb: 1.Tsheb ceev: High- kab ceev (100+ tsheb ciav hlau / hnub) dhau 15-20 xyoo; kab nyob deb nroog 20–25 xyoo. 2.Qag load: 25t axles luv lub neej mus rau 15 xyoo; 20t axles txuas mus rau 25 xyoo. 3.Kev tu: Kev sib tsoo tsis tu ncua / tshuaj xyuas ntxiv 5-10 xyoo. Kev saib xyuas tsis zoo (tsis quav ntsej cov kab nrib pleb / hnav) txo lub neej mus rau 10 xyoo.
4. Kev kuaj ultrasonic rail yog dab tsi, thiab yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev rau hnyav -haul rails?
Kev kuaj ultrasonic siv lub suab nthwv dej txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau (kev qaug zog tawg, suav nrog) pom tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Rau hnyav- tsheb ciav hlau (AREMA 132RE, GB 75kg / m), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim hais tias cov axles hnyav ua rau kev loj hlob tawg - cov kab nrib pleb uas tsis tau pom ua rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tawg / derailment. Kev sim ua tiav txhua 3-6 lub hlis; Cov txheej txheem siab heev tuaj yeem luam theej duab ntawm 40km / h, ua kom ceev ceev, xyuas kom meej.
5. Qhov txawv ntawm "quenched thiab tempered" thiab "as-rolled" rails yog dab tsi?
quenched thiab tempered (Q&T) rails tau txais kev kho cua sov (heat → quench → temper) kom tawv taub hau (300-400HB) thiab ua kom cov tub ntxhais tawv tawv. Siv rau siab -ceev/hnyav-haul (CRTS 300N, AREMA 132RE). Raws li -rolled rails yog txias lawm tom qab dov, nrog softer taub hau (260–280HB) rau qis- kab ceev (xws li, ceg kab UIC 54). Q&T rails tiv taus hnav / qaug zog zoo dua; raws li -rolled rails pheej yig dua tab sis les