1. Qhov txawv ntawm "flash butt welding" thiab "aluminothermic welding" yog dab tsi?
Flash taub qab vuam siv hluav taws xob tam sim no los ua kom sov txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau xaus (ntawm arcing) mus rau melting point, ces nias lawv ua ke los tsim ib qho kev sib txuas. Nws ceev ceev (1–2 feeb ib leeg) thiab tsim siab - lub zog sib koom ua ke (lub zog tensile Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 780MPa), zoo tagnrho rau CWR mainlines (CRTS 300N, UIC 60). Aluminothermic welding siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (aluminium + hlau oxide) los ua kom sov, melting steel muab tub lim los koom nrog cov ntsia hlau. Nws qeeb qeeb (30-40 feeb ntawm ib qho sib koom ua ke) tab sis tsis xav tau hluav taws xob, ua kom haum rau thaj chaw deb lossis kho xwm txheej ceev. Flash taub qab vuam ua rau cov pob qij txha zoo sib xws rau siab - cov kab nrawm, thaum lub vuam aluminothermic yog siv rau cov ceg kab lossis CWR kev txhim kho.
2. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau "kev ntsuas qhov profile," yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws tseem ceeb rau kev siab - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev?
Rail profile ntsuas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lub taub hau ntawm txoj kab hla -section los xyuas seb nws puas phim tus qauv tsim (xws li CRTS 300N's 75mm dav, 32mm qhov siab). Nws ua tiav nrog laser lossis optical scanners ntsuas qhov sib txawv me me li ± 0.1mm. Rau siab - cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias txawm tias qhov tsis raug me me (piv txwv li, 0.5mm hnav ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse) nce lub log- kev tsheb ciav hlau kev ntxhov siab, ua rau lub suab nrov, kev co, thiab kev hnav nrawm dua. Kev ntsuas tau ua tiav txhua 3-6 lub hlis ntawm siab - kab nrawm- yog qhov sib txawv tshaj 1 hli, kev sib tsoo tau teem sijhawm los kho qhov profile. Qhov no ua kom lub log du ntawm 300+km / h, tswj kev caij tsheb thiab kev nyab xeeb.
3. Yuav ua li cas yog European UIC 54 rail daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub regional neeg nrog caij railways?
UIC 54 rails (54kg / m) yog dav siv nyob rau hauv European regional neeg nrog caij railways (piv txwv li, Fabkis's TER, lub teb chaws Yelemees lub Regional-Express) vim lawv sib npaug kev ua tau zoo thiab nqi. Cov kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv cheeb tsam muaj cov tsheb khiav qis qis (20-30 tsheb ciav hlau / hnub) thiab nrawm (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 160km / h), yog li UIC 54's 720MPa tensile zog thiab 280-320HB taub hau hardness yog txaus los tuav 18-20t qag loads. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau 73mm lub taub hau dav muab kev sib cuag log ruaj khov, thaum nws qhov hnyav dua (vs. UIC 60) txo qis kev txhim kho thiab kho cov nqi. UIC 54 kuj tseem siv tau nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau (rau cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog uas muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv CWR cov cuab yeej), ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov kev sib txuas hauv cheeb tsam uas sib xyaw cov tsheb ciav hlau luv luv thiab ntev.
4. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau "kev sim qaug zog," yog dab tsi thiab nws ua li cas rau cov qauv tsheb ciav hlau tshiab (xws li CRTS 300N)?
Rail qaug zog kuaj ntsuas tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau tshiab lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob tawg nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntau zaus, simulating tiag - tsheb ciav hlau thoob ntiaj teb. Rau cov qauv zoo li CRTS 300N, kev sim suav nrog: 1.Kev sim kuaj: Txiav cov qauv tsheb ciav hlau mus rau hauv 100mm-cov qauv ntev, tom qab ntawd siv lub voj voog bending kev nyuaj siab (10^7 cycles) ntawm 20-30Hz kom ua raws li cov tsheb ciav hlau hla. Sensors saib xyuas kev sib tsoo . 2.Kev sim teb: Txhim kho 1km ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tshiab ntawm txoj kev sim, khiav 100, 000+ tsheb ciav hlau hla (sev sib txawv / qag loads), thiab siv ultrasonic kuaj xyuas kom qaug zog. 3.Cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam: Sib piv cov kev loj hlob tawg rau cov qauv kev lag luam-CRTS 300N yuav tsum qhia<0.1mm crack growth after 10^7 cycles to be approved. This testing ensures new rails can handle long-term high-speed traffic without fatigue failure.
5. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm "tsheb ciav hlau" thiab "tram rails," thiab cov qauv siv li cas?
Lub teeb tsheb ciav hlau (piv txwv li, niaj hnub nroog LRT) siv cov tsheb ciav hlau hnyav (UIC 45, 45kg / m) nrog lub tiaj- hauv qab profile, tsim kom ceev txog li 80 km / h thiab 16t qag loads. Tram rails (cov cuab yeej cuab tam los yog txoj kev-khiav) yog sib dua (UIC 33, 33kg / m) nrog ib tug grooved profile (kom haum txoj kev pavement) rau speeds tsawg dua los yog sib npaug zos rau 50 km / h. Lub teeb rail rails muaj lub taub hau tuab (30 hli) los tiv thaiv hnav los ntawm kev nres ntau zaus, thaum lub tsheb ciav hlau muaj lub taub hau nqaim (25 hli) kom haum rau txoj kev grooves. Lub teeb rail siv CWR rau smoothness, thaum trams siv sib koom rail (yooj yim rau nruab rau hauv txoj kev). Cov qauv zoo li UIC 45 (tsheb ciav hlau teeb) thiab UIC 33 (tram) yog haum rau lawv cov kev xav tau ceev thiab thauj khoom.