Rail spike hom kev faib tawm thiab kev txhim kho kev tswj kom zoo
Dab tsi yog hom kev tsheb ciav hlau loj thiab lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm sib txawv?
Rail spikes feem ntau muab faib ua plaub pawg: ntsia hlau spikes, round taub hau spikes, insulated spikes thiab anti- xoob spikes. Screw spikes yog tsau rau cov neeg pw tsaug zog los ntawm cov xov, nrog lub zog nruj, haum rau cov pob zeb pw tsaug zog, thiab tuaj yeem muab kev ruaj khov rau kev quab yuam; puag ncig lub taub hau spikes muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis, feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntoo sleeper lem, thiab kho los ntawm kev tsav tsheb mus rau hauv cov ntoo sleepers. Insulated spikes yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating xws li nylon lossis ceramics, uas tuaj yeem thaiv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev khiav tam sim no, thiab tshwj xeeb yog siv rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob railways kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam; anti- xoob spikes muaj ib tug ua tau - nyob rau hauv xauv cov qauv (xws li cotter pins los yog anti- xoob threads), uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus loosening los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau kev co, haum rau siab - ceev railways thiab hnyav - cov kab. Cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom spikes nyob hauv txoj kev kho, kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tiv thaiv - lub peev xwm xoob, uas yuav tsum raug xaiv kom raug raws li hom kev taug qab.
Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev tswj xyuas ntawm cov ntsia hlau spikes?
Lub installation ntawm cov ntsia hlau spikes ua ntej yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias qhov loj ntawm lub qhov sib tw. Lub qhov taub yuav tsum yog 1-2mm me dua li txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov ntsia hlau loj los xyuas kom meej cov xov sib txuas. Ua ntej kev teeb tsa, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav cov khib nyiab thiab dej hauv lub qhov, thiab siv tus neeg sawv cev thauj khoom yog tias tsim nyog los txhim kho cov nyhuv kho. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, qhov ntsug ntawm qhov ntsia hlau loj yuav tsum tau tswj, thiab qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 1℃kom tsis txhob xoob los ntawm kev quab yuam tsis sib xws; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xyuas kom meej tias qhov tob ntawm kev teeb tsa ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lub taub hau ntsia hlau loj thiab lub ncoo yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 0.5-1mm, uas yooj yim rau kev hloov kho thiab ua kom ruaj khov. Lub torque ciaj ntswj yuav tsum tau siv rau zawm, thiab cov torque sib raug yuav tsum tau siv raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, lub zawm torque ntawm M24 ntsia hlau spikes yog 300-400N·m los tiv thaiv tshaj-tightening los yog under-tightening. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, xyuas seb qhov ntsia hlau puas yog skewed, thiab kho nws hauv lub sijhawm yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev teeb tsa tom ntej ntawm cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov ntsia hlau.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov qauv rau insulated spikes?
Lub rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev spikes feem ntau siv cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv tester. Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, ob qhov kev sojntsuam ntawm tus ntsuas ntsuas feem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsia hlau loj thiab cov pw tsaug zog, 500V DC voltage yog siv, thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tau nyeem. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua 24 teev tom qab ntsia ntsia hlau ntsia hlau los xyuas kom meej tias tus neeg sawv cev anchoring tau kho kom zoo thiab tsis txhob ua yuam kev. Tus qauv xav kom cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv ntawm insulated spikes yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 10^8Ω, thiab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm saum 10^7Ω txawm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kuj tseem xav tau. Siv 2000V AC voltage rau 1 feeb, thiab cov ntsia hlau loj yog tsim nyog yog tias tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov kev xeem yuav tsum tau txais ib txoj kev coj mus kuaj, thiab qhov piv txwv ntawm txhua pawg ntawm spikes yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 3%, thiab tsawg kawg 5 pawg yuav tsum tau coj mus kuaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev khiav haujlwm kom ruaj ntseg rwb thaiv tsev.
Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau xoob spikes tom qab kev teeb tsa thiab ntsuas kev kho mob?
Feem ntau ua rau xoob spikes tom qab kev teeb tsa suav nrog ntau qhov kev teeb tsa loj heev, ua rau cov xov tsis txaus; tsis txaus torque thaum lub sij hawm installation, thiab tsis txaus preload los tiv thaiv kev co; qaug zog ntawm cov khoom spikes, ua rau cov yas deformation tom qab ntev -lub sij hawm kev ntxhov siab; thiab ballast kev sib hais haum ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tsis sib xws ntawm cov spikes. Kev ntsuas kev kho mob yuav tsum tau tsim raws li qhov ua rau: yog tias nws yog ib qho teeb meem nrog lub installation qhov, rov- xyaum thiab xaiv spikes ntawm qhov tsim nyog specifications; Yog hais tias lub zog torque tsis txaus, rov- zawm thiab kaw nrog lub torque ciaj ntswj; yog tias nws yog cov khoom siv qaug zog lossis kev puas tsuaj loj, hloov nrog cov spikes tshiab tam sim ntawd thiab xaiv cov qauv uas muaj zog dua; Yog hais tias nws yog ballast kev sib hais haum, ua ntej kho qhov tsis xws luag ballast, ces kho txoj hauj lwm spike. Tom qab kev kho mob, ua raws li- kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias cov spikes tsis xoob lawm.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm spikes hauv qhov chaw txias?
Ua ntej txhim kho spikes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov dej khov thiab cov daus hauv qhov chaw teeb tsa kom tsis txhob muaj cov spikes tsis tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv qhov chaw vim tias khov lossis qhov khoob los ntawm cov dej khov yaj tom qab kev teeb tsa. Anchoring agents uas muaj zog qis -kub adaptability yuav siv tau thaum lub sij hawm installation, thiab lawv curing kub yuav tsum qis dua -10℃kom ntseeg tau tias ib txwm kho nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias heev. Cov khoom siv spike yuav tsum qis -kub resistant steel kom tsis txhob tawg ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Piv txwv li, Q345D weathering steel spikes raug xaiv, uas nws qis - qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam toughness ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm -20℃. Nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas txhua hnub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua ntxuav cov daus thiab dej khov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub spikes kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm spikes thiab sleepers tshwm sim los ntawm khov-thaw cycles; lub spike torque yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas txhua lub hlis twg, thiab cov xov yuav poob qis vim qhov kub thiab txias, yog li yuav tsum tau rov ua kom nruj rau lub sijhawm. Thaum pom cov kab nrib pleb los yog xoob ntawm spikes, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov thaum qhov kub thiab txias kom tsis txhob txo qis qhov tseeb tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm qhov kub qis.