Elastic Matching thiab Scenario Adaptation ntawm Track Subgrades
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm hauv qab -rail pads yog dab tsi?
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm hauv qab -rail pads yog kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv tsheb ciav hlau, cuam tshuam lub zog sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau mus rau tus neeg pw tsaug zog, thiab zam kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg pw tsaug zog vim muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau hauv zos. Nws absorbs lub zog vibration los ntawm nws tus kheej elastic deformation, zoo txo cov suab nrov, thiab txhim kho neeg nrog kev nplij siab. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias hloov, qhov elasticity ntawm lub ncoo tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov thermal expansion thiab contraction ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, txo cov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov neeg pw tsaug zog, thiab tiv thaiv txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov elasticity sib txawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab kho qhov ntev geometric ntawm txoj kev khiav, ua rau qhov siab me me sib txawv ntawm txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau, thiab xyuas kom meej meej khiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, insulating nyob rau hauv - rail pads tuaj yeem thaiv cov stray tam sim no ntawm lub voj voog khiav, tiv thaiv electrochemical corrosion, thiab ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob railways.
Dab tsi yog cov khoom faib ntawm hauv qab -rail pads thiab lawv cov xwm txheej siv tau?
Hauv qab - cov ntaub ntawv tsheb ciav hlau feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg: cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab, cov ntaub qhwv yas, thiab cov ntaub qhwv sib xyaw. Rubber pads muaj elasticity zoo heev thiab zoo poob siab absorbing nyhuv, haum rau siab - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev thiab tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm buffering nyob rau hauv siab - zaus vibration; ntawm lawv, cov roj hmab ntuj tsim nyog rau thaj chaw sov, thaum nitrile roj hmab pads yog haum rau railways ze cov roj av vim lawv cov roj zoo. Cov ntaub qhwv yas (xws li polyethylene) muaj zog tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lub teeb yuag, haum rau cov qhov dej ntub dej lossis cov kab ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab tuaj yeem zam cov teeb meem xeb. Composite pads (xws li roj hmab-metal composite) muab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, nrog kev sib npaug rigidity thiab elasticity, haum rau hnyav- tsheb ciav hlau, uas tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom loj thiab muab kev ruaj ntseg buffering. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ceramic insulating pads, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv nyob rau hauv cov insulating seem ntawm electrified railways vim lawv siab -lub zog insulating kev ua tau zoo.
Dab tsi yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv qhov elastic modulus hauv qab -rail pads?
Kev xaiv ntawm qhov elastic modulus ntawm hauv qab -rail pads ua ntej txiav txim siab txog qib kab. Hnyav- txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub qhwv nrog lub siab elastic modulus (xws li 1500-2000MPa) kom tsis txhob muaj qhov deformation ntau dhau; Cov pa hluav taws xob nrawm tuaj yeem xaiv cov ntaub qhwv nrog nruab nrab thiab qis elastic modulus (500-1000MPa) kom sib npaug buffering thiab nqi. Tsheb ciav hlau khiav ceev kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev khiav ceev thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj, yog li cov ntaub ntawv siab elastic modulus xav tau los tswj cov kev khiav deformation thiab xyuas kom ruaj khov. Hom pw tsaug zog kuj cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv. Qhob pw tsaug zog muaj siab rigidity thiab yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub qhwv nrog zoo elasticity; ntoo pw tsaug zog tsis tshua muaj rigidity thiab tuaj yeem xaiv cov ntaub qhwv nrog me ntsis elastic modulus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej huab cua tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias, cov ntaub qhwv uas muaj qhov ruaj khov qis-kub elasticity yuav tsum raug xaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov elastic modulus nce siab vim qhov kub thiab txias thiab poob cov nyhuv buffering.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev phom sij thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev laus thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm hauv qab - cov ntaub ntawv tsheb ciav hlau?
Kev laus thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm hauv qab - cov ntaub ntawv tsheb ciav hlau yuav ua rau elastic attenuation thiab txo qhov muaj peev xwm buffering, ua rau lub tsheb ciav hlau cuam tshuam ncaj qha mus rau cov neeg pw tsaug zog thiab ballast, ua rau cov khoom siv khiav ceev. Cov ntaub qhwv puas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom sib npaug, uas yooj yim ua rau cov neeg pw tsaug zog tawg thiab hnav tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov ntev geometric. Cov hnub nyoog insulating pads yuav plam lawv cov kev ua haujlwm insulating, ua rau cov kab hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob railways. Cov qauv kev txiav txim siab feem ntau suav nrog: pom pom cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub ncoo nto, nrog qhov tawg ntev tshaj 50mm lossis dav tshaj 2 hli; tus nqi ntawm lub ncoo thickness tshaj 20% ntawm tus thawj thickness; elastic rov qab muaj peev xwm txo qis, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab sai sai tom qab raug nias; Lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov ntaub qhwv insulating yog qis dua 10^6Ω. Yog hais tias ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no tshwm sim, lub ncoo yuav tsum tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
Yuav ua li cas txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam hauv qab -rail pads?
Kev ncua kev pab cuam lub neej nyob rau hauv -rail pads yuav tsum pib los ntawm peb yam: installation, tu, thiab xaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav cov impurities ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub sleeper thiab rail, xyuas kom meej tias lub ncoo yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub tiaj tus, thiab tsis txhob sib sib zog nqus kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub zos; tib lub sij hawm, tswj lub installation siab los tiv thaiv lub ncoo los ntawm dhau -compressed thiab ua deformation mus tas li. Hauv kev saib xyuas txhua hnub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua xyuas lub xeev ntawm lub ncoo, thiab ntxuav cov pob zeb thiab roj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ncoo kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom neeg corrosion thiab lub cev puas tsuaj. Rau hnyav-haul lossis siab- cov kab vibration zaus, hnav- cov coatings tiv taus tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm qhov chaw sab sauv thiab sab qis ntawm lub ncoo kom txo qis kev sib txhuam. Thaum xaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom raug raws li qhov tseeb ntawm txoj kab kom tsis txhob "overqualified" lossis "underqualified"; Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muab rau huab cua- cov ntaub ntawv resistant nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive, thiab qis -cov ntaub qhwv qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov chaw txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho cov teeb meem tsis tu ncua ntawm ballast kom ntseeg tau tias kev ruaj ntseg tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntxiv rau lub ncoo.