1. Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem hauv qab lub Sleeper
Nyob rau hauv ib tug ballasted taug qab txoj kev load khiav los ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm lub fastening system mus rau hauv lub sleeper, thiab los ntawm lub sleeper mus rau lub ballast txaj thiab subgrade. Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kev tsheb ciav hlau lossis tus neeg saib xyuas kev yuav khoom, cov khoom siv ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub txaj pw yog li ib feem ntawm cov qauv tsim, tsis yog qhov nthuav dav. Nws cov dej num yog txhawm rau faib lub log load hla ib cheeb tsam txaus, ua kom txoj kev taug qab nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm tiv thaiv lateral thiab longitudinal rog, thiab kom cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub subgrade. Ballast ua cov haujlwm no los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub kaum sab xis, siab - pob zeb hardness, feem ntau granite, basalt lossis siab- qib limestone nrog rau kev ntsuas ntsuas raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb (feem ntau yog 22.4-63 mm grading band rau cov kab loj).
Ballast muaj peb qhov ntsuas tau. Load faib: nws kis tau tus neeg pw tsaug zog load tshaj lub subgrade kom bearing siab nyob rau hauv cov av txwv. Dej ntws: cov voids ntawm pob zeb ua dej kom deb thiab ua kom cov subgrade ntawm softening. Kev ruaj ntseg: lub pob zeb pob zeb interlocking resists pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lateral thiab longitudinal cov lus qhia. Thaum ballast fouled los ntawm attrition plua plav, spillage los yog nplua, tag nrho peb lub luag hauj lwm degrade, thiab taug qab nruj yuav tsis sib xws, uas yog ib txwm yog vim li cas rau tamping thiab ballast tu cycles.
2. Raws li Sleeper Pads: Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Ib qho hauv qab pw tsaug zog ncoo (USP) yog ib txheej elastic, feem ntau polyurethane, roj hmab lossis cov roj hmab rov ua dua tshiab, sib txuas rau hauv qab ntawm lub pob zeb pw hauv lub hoobkas. Nws cov txiaj ntsig thawj zaug yog geometric: nws nce qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog thiab ballast los ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg pw tsaug zog (feem ntau hais txog li 8% tsis muaj ncoo) mus txog 30-40%, vim tias cov elastomer deforms hauv zos thiab ua raws li cov pob zeb saum. Qhov chaw sib cuag loj dua txo qis siab siab ntawm cov pob zeb ballast thiab ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog nws tus kheej.
Qhov thib ob nyhuv yog kev tiv thaiv. Tsis muaj lub ncoo, lub pob zeb nyuaj pw hauv qab grinds lub pob zeb ballast, tsim cov plua plav fouls lub txaj thiab ua kom nws qhov kev sib haum xeeb; lub ncoo ua raws li qhov tsis sib xws uas ua rau qhov tsis zoo no thiab ua kom lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm tamping. Qhov thib peb cuam tshuam yog kev vibration: lub ncoo ntxiv ib qho elasticity ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog -ballast interface, uas txo cov kev cuam tshuam dynamic xa mus rau ballast thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab nyob ze thaj chaw thiab ntawm cov choj. USP rigidity yog ib txwm hais tias zoo li qub lossis dynamic rigidity hauv kN / mm; ib qho nruab nrab ntawm -ntau yam ncoo siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw- cov kab tsheb khiav tau kwv yees li 90-130 kN / mm.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv sib piv
| Khoom | Roj hmab (elastomer) USP | EVA rail ncoo | HDPE rail ncoo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qhov ceev (g / cm3) | Hom elastomer ntau yam | 0.95-0.98 | 0.95-0.98 |
| Tensile zog (MPa) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 12.5 (ua ntej kev laus) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 15 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 19 |
| Elongation ntawm tawg (%) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 250 | >500 | >80 |
| Melting point (C) | n/a (thermoset) | 170-190 | 170-190 |
| Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam (ohm) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 10^6 | Loj dua los yog sib npaug rau 1x10^10 | Loj dua los yog sib npaug rau 1x10^10 |
| Hardness | Ntug A 72-80 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 90 Shore A | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 98 Shore A |
| Hom kev siv | USP hauv qab pw tsaug zog; rail seat pads | Rail seat pads, rwb thaiv tsev txoj haujlwm | Rail seat pads qhov twg siab nruj thiab rwb thaiv tsev yog xav tau |
Cov txiaj ntsig hauv lub rooj yog qhov kev lees paub zoo rau cov khoom lag luam; qhov tseeb specification yuav tsum tau pom zoo nrog tus neeg muag khoom rau ib qhov project. Nco ntsoov tias hardness ib leeg tsis txhais qhov tawv nqaij: ob lub ncoo ntawm tib lub Shore A tus nqi tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov tawv nqaij zoo li qub vim yog geometry, muab tub lim thiab tuab. Ib txwm xav kom nruj, tensile, elongation, aging thiab rwb thaiv tsev daim ntawv pov thawj ib batch es tsis txhob cia siab rau ib tug hardness daim duab.
4. Cov ntsiab lus xaiv thiab teeb tsa
Xaiv USP nruj kom haum rau hom kev khiav: qis qis (nqus softer) rau siab - cov kab ceev thiab kev vibration- cov seem rhiab, nruj dua rau hnyav- tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov tsheb sib xyaw uas cov neeg pw tsaug zog txhawb nqa.
Tshawb xyuas lub ncoo thickness tom qab sib txuas: lub ncoo yuav tsum yog lub Hoobkas- siv nrog lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob delaminate nyob rau hauv tamping lossis kub heev.
Txheeb xyuas qhov kev laus ua haujlwm: tensile lub zog thiab elongation tom qab tshav kub laus yog cov qauv kev lees paub, vim tias lub ncoo uas tawv tawv hauv kev pabcuam hloov pauv kev nruj dhau sijhawm.
Rau cov kab hluav taws xob, paub meej tias kev rwb thaiv tsev ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv Circuit Court; lub ncoo conductive tuaj yeem luv luv -circuit rail mus rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog.
Txiav cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv rau cov roj, roj thiab tshuaj ntxuav siv rau ntawm txoj kev; freight corridors spill ntau cov kab mob ntau tshaj cov neeg caij tsheb ntshiab.
Rau cov phiaj xwm rov ua dua tshiab ballast, kev sib koom ua ke cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog kev ntsuas ballast: lub ncoo softer tolerates me ntsis wider pob zeb loj faib, thaum ib tug txhav ncoo xav tau ib tug huv, zoo dua - qib txaj.
5. Kev xav tsis zoo
"Ballast tsuas yog crushed pob zeb."cuav. Ballast yog qib, zoo -cov ntaub ntawv tswj; pob zeb hardness, angularity, grading thiab huv si yog teev vim hais tias lawv txiav txim siab load kis thiab tso dej rau ntau xyoo lawm.
"Lub ncoo nyuaj yog ib txwm muaj zog thiab zoo dua."cuav. Ib lub ncoo uas tawv dhau tiv thaiv lub ballast tsawg dua, tsa lub zog muaj zog thiab ua rau kom pw tsaug zog thiab rail lub taub hau hnav. Cov tawv nqaij yuav tsum sib phim rau qag load thiab ceev, tsis maximized.
"USP hloov ballast."cuav. USP zaum ntawm sleeper thiab ballast; nws txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ballast thiab txhim kho qhov sib cuam tshuam, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lub txaj tsis zoo lossis tsis raug muab qhab nia ballast.
"Hardness Shore A yog txaus los qhia lub ncoo."cuav. Ntug A yog qhov tawv tawv; cov cuab yeej engineering yog nruj hauv kN / hli, uas yuav tsum tau kuaj ntawm qhov tseeb pad geometry ua ke nrog tensile, elongation, aging thiab rwb thaiv tsev.
"Cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab tsuas yog siv hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau xwb, tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg pw tsaug zog."cuav. Roj Hmab thiab polyurethane USPs yog cov khoom lag luam txheem ntawm cov pob zeb-sleeper kab thoob ntiaj teb; EVA thiab HDPE muaj ntau dua li cov tsheb ciav hlau lub rooj zaum ntawm lub txaj pw.
FAQ
Q1: Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau pw tsaug zog?
Nyob rau hauv ballasted khiav, graded angular ballast (feem ntau granite los yog basalt nrog ib tug 22.4-63 hli grading rau cov kab tseem ceeb) yog cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa; nyob rau hauv niaj hnub qhob-sleeper kab ib tug nyob rau hauv pw tsaug zog ncoo ntawm polyurethane los yog roj hmab yog bonded rau lub pw tsaug zog hauv qab ntawm sleeper thiab ballast.
Q2: Dab tsi yog lub hauv paus pw tsaug zog ua tau?
Nws nce qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov neeg pw tsaug zog thiab ballast (feem ntau li ntawm 8% mus rau 30-40%), tiv thaiv lub ballast los ntawm attrition los ntawm cov pob zeb nyuaj pw, damps vibration, thiab pab kom taug qab nruj nruj, uas txuas mus rau tamping lub voj voog.
Q3: Dab tsi yog qhov nruj ntawm USP?
Nruab nrab-Ntau USP pads rau kev sib xyaw ua ke muab kwv yees li 90-130 kN/mm; softer pads yog siv rau siab -ceev thiab vibration-sensitive seem, stiffer pads rau hnyav-haul kab. Tus nqi yuav tsum tau teev los ntawm tus tsim qauv thiab txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim batch.
Q4: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm EVA, HDPE thiab roj hmab ncoo?
Roj hmab (elastomer) pads muab siab elongation thiab zoo damping; EVA pads muab elasticity nrog siab elongation thiab zoo rwb thaiv tsev; HDPE pads muab lub zog tensile siab, siab hardness thiab zoo heev rwb thaiv tsev nrog qis elongation. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv yam tsis tau rov- kuaj xyuas qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog thiab rwb thaiv tsev.
Q5: Cov ntaub qhwv zoo li cas txais thaum xa khoom?
Kev lees paub suav nrog kev nruj zoo li qub, lub zog tensile thiab elongation (ua ntej thiab tom qab tshav kub laus), hardness, rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam, thickness thiab deg mob, nrog batch daim ntawv pov thawj thiab, rau tej yaam num tseem ceeb, thib peb - tog kuaj ntawm randomly sampled pads.
Q6: Puas yog USP tuaj yeem hloov kho rau cov neeg pw tsaug zog uas twb muaj lawm?
Retrofitting tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm kev nqa tus neeg pw tsaug zog, ntxuav hauv qab thiab khi lub ncoo nrog cov nplaum uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab kho kom zoo, uas yog ib txwm ua ntawm kev pw tsaug zog rov ua dua dua li kev saib xyuas niaj hnub; Hoobkas- koom nrog USPs ntawm cov neeg pw tsaug zog tshiab yog txoj hauv kev.