1. Dab tsi yog "rail txias dabtsi yog khoov," thiab thaum twg nws yog siv rau cov kab nkhaus?
Rail txias dabtsi yog khoov yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khoov rails (ntawm chav tsev kub) rau hauv cov duab nkhaus kom haum rau kev khoov (xws li, 300m vojvoog nkhaus). Nws yog siv rau nkhaus khiav seem vim: 1.Precision: Cov tshuab txias txias (piv txwv li, Swiss Matisa txias benders) tuaj yeem khoov rails mus rau lub vojvoog siab ntev ntawm ± 1m, kom ntseeg tau qhov nkhaus qhov sib tw khiav tsim . 2.Tsis muaj cua sov puas: Tsis zoo li kub dabtsi yog khoov, txias dabtsi yog khoov tsis ua rau lub tsheb ciav hlau tsis muaj zog (tseem ceeb rau siab - lub zog zoo li UIC 60). 3.Kev ua tau zoo: Khoov cov hlua ntawm - qhov chaw, zam qhov yuav tsum tau thauj khoom ua ntej - nkhaus rails (uas yog kim thiab nyuaj los tuav). Txias dabtsi yog khoov yog siv rau txhua qhov nkhaus, los ntawm me me 50m vojvoog metro curves (siv GB 50kg / m) mus rau loj 1000m vojvoog siab - nrawm nkhaus (siv CRTS 300N). Tom qab khoov, cov ntsia hlau raug tshuaj xyuas rau cov kab nrib pleb ntawm kev sib nqus particle.
2. Dab tsi yog Suav GB 75kg / m rail hnav tsis kam, thiab nws ua li cas Daqin Railway cov hmoov av?
GB 75kg / m muaj kev hnav zoo heev, nrog lub taub hau tawv ntawm 320-380HB thiab lub taub hau tuab (42 hli) uas tiv taus cov hmoov av abrasive ntawm Daqin Railway. Coal plua plav ua zoo li cov ntawv xuab zeb, tab sis GB 75kg / m lub taub hau tawv txo qis hnav mus rau ~ 0.08mm ib MGT-ib nrab tus nqi ntawm UIC 60 (0.15mm ib MGT). Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau cua sov- kho lub taub hau kuj tsim cov qauv martensitic ntom ntom uas tiv taus micro- puas los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Daqin Railway's GB 75kg / m rails dhau 25-30 xyoo (vs. 15-20 xyoo rau cov qauv hnyav{19}} tsheb ciav hlau), txawm tias muaj 100+ cov tsheb ciav hlau txhua hnub. Kev sib tsoo tsis tu ncua (txhua 12 lub hlis) txuas ntxiv hnav lub neej los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov plua plav tawm -induced micro-grooves.
3. Qhov txawv ntawm "rail head checking" thiab "rail fatigue cracking," thiab lawv txawv li cas?
Rail head checking yog ntiav (1-5mm sib sib zog nqus), cov kab nrib pleb nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, tshwm sim los ntawm thermal stress los yog lub log cuam tshuam -ib txwm nyob rau hauv huab cua txias. Rail fatigue cracking yog ntxaum (Ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 5 hli), cov kab nrib pleb uas pib hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw (piv txwv li, 2 hli hauv qab lub taub hau) thiab loj hlob sab nraud, tshwm sim los ntawm kev thauj khoom cyclic. Lawv txawv ntawm: 1.Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag: Kev tshuaj xyuas lub taub hau yog pom zoo, cov kab sib txuas; qaug zog tawg yog feem ntau muab zais los yog muaj cov duab tsis zoo. 2.Kev kuaj ultrasonic: Siab -ntau zaus suab tsis pom kev qaug zog (txawm tias 0.5mm tob) hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw, thaum lub taub hau kuaj xyuas tsuas yog cuam tshuam cov cim saum npoo. 3.Kev ntsuas qhov tob: Lub taub hau kuaj yog<5mm; fatigue cracking exceeds 5mm. Head checking is fixed by grinding, while fatigue cracking requires rail replacement.
4. European UIC 60 rail daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cross- ciam teb railways yog dab tsi, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj nyiam?
UIC 60 yog tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau rau European hla - ciam teb kev tsheb ciav hlau (xws li Paris-Brussels- Amsterdam kab) vim tias: 1.Kev tsis sib xws: Nws tau teev tseg los ntawm UIC (International Union of Railways), yog li cov tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv (xws li ArcelorMittal, Voestalpine) yog qhov sib hloov tau - tseem ceeb rau kev hla - ciam teb tes hauj lwm . 2.Kev ua tau zoo: Kov siab - ceev (250 km / h) thiab hnyav - tsheb thauj mus los (25t axles), sib xyaw cov kev xav tau ntawm hla- kab ciam teb (neeg caij tsheb + freight). 3.Kev sib haum xeeb: Ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem European fasteners (Pandrol clips) thiab cov neeg pw tsaug zog, txo cov kev saib xyuas nyuaj rau ntau yam.
5. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm "rail head spalling" thiab "rail head chipping," thiab cov ntsia hlau twg cuam tshuam ntau tshaj?
Rail taub hau spalling yog cov flaking ntawm me me, nyias nyias (2-5mm) los ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau, tshwm sim los ntawm qaug zog los yog thermal stress (xws li, rov ua cua sov / txias). Rail taub hau chipping yog qhov tawg ntawm qhov loj, tsis tu ncua chunks (5-10mm) los ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau lub taub hau ntug, feem ntau vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub log hnyav (xws li, nyuaj braking, lub log tsis sib xws-rail profiles). Spalling yog ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv siab - tsheb ciav hlau ceev (CRTS 300N, UIC 60) vim kev co nquag, thaum chipping cuam tshuam rau hnyav -haul rails (AREMA 132RE, GB 75kg / m) nrog 30+ t axles. Ob qhov teeb meem ua rau cov kab tsheb ciav hlau puas lawm-spalling yog kho los ntawm kev sib tsoo, tab sis chipping feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov cov seem rail. High - kab tsheb khiav (100+ tsheb ciav hlau / hnub) feem ntau cuam tshuam, vim lawv ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab.