Hom thiab Anchoring Techniques ntawm Rail Spikes
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob zoo tib yam thiab cov kab hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau zoo tib yam thiab cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob hauv cov khoom siv, cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau txawv raws li cov kab yuav tsum tau ua. Ordinary rail spikes feem ntau yog ua los ntawm Q235 carbon steel, nrog ib tug yooj yim qauv, thiab spike ncej yog du los yog ribbed, feem ntau yog siv rau kho pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv ballasted lem, kis rail loads rau ballast, nrog tsawg nqi. Insulated rail spikes yog ua los ntawm iav fiber ntau reinforced yas (FRP) los yog carbon hlau nrog rwb thaiv tsev txheej, thiab spike ncej yog qhwv nrog ib tug rwb thaiv tsev txheej, nrog ib tug ntim resistivity ntawm ntau dua los yog sib npaug zos rau 10 ^ 8Ω·cm, uas yuav thaiv qhov conduction ntawm khiav Circuit Court tam sim no thiab tsis txhob teeb liab cuam tshuam. Ordinary rail spikes tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thiab tsim nyog rau tsis yog -electrified pa ceev railways; insulated rail spikes yog tsuas yog siv rau cov hluav taws xob railways, nroog rail kab thiab siab - ceev railways kom ntseeg tau tias cov kev khiav hauj lwm ib txwm ntawm txoj kev teeb liab system. Raws li kev tsim qauv, kev sib txuas ntawm lub hau npog thiab cov ntsia hlau loj ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau txais kev tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev sib cuag hlau, thaum cov kab hluav taws xob zoo tib yam muaj txhua yam - hlau qauv. Cov txheej txheem anchoring ntawm ob yog tib yam, tab sis insulated rail spikes muaj cov kev xav tau ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tus neeg sawv cev, thiab rwb thaiv tsev- hom sulfur mortar lossis tshuaj lom neeg anchoring yuav tsum raug xaiv.
Dab tsi yog txoj cai tiv thaiv - creep txoj cai thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv - creep rail spikes?
Anti- creep rail spikes ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam nrog cov neeg pw tsaug zog thiab ballast los ntawm cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, tiv thaiv kev txav mus ntev ntawm cov ntsia hlau, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tiv thaiv - creep txoj cai yog "kev koom tes nrog kev sib txhuam + kev sib txhuam". Qhov saum npoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv - creep rail spike ncej yog muab nrog cov hlua khi los yog cov hlua khi. Tom qab anchoring, cov barbs ze ze nrog cov pob zeb pw tsaug zog, thiab cov kauv threads nce lub zog sib txuas nrog tus neeg sawv cev txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm loosening. Lub kaus mom spike txais kev nthuav dav tsim, ua rau thaj chaw sib cuag nrog rau hauv qab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab tsim kev sib txhuam sab nraud los ntawm extrusion kom txwv qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Anti- creep rail spikes yog tsim nyog rau qhov ntev thiab txoj kab nqes, nkhaus kab thiab hnyav-cov kab tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau traction force, braking force thiab centrifugal force, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nkag mus ntev yog siab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv hnyav- cov kab nrog txoj kab nqes loj dua los yog sib npaug ntawm 12‰, 1 anti- creep rail spike yuav tsum tau muab ntsia rau txhua 2 tus neeg pw tsaug zog, siv nrog rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv- creep, thiab tiv thaiv - creep quab yuam tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau tshaj 15k N rail. Piv nrog rau cov kev tsheb ciav hlau zoo tib yam, kev tiv thaiv - creep rail spikes muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus anchoring qhov tob (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 150mm) thiab cov khoom siv zog ntau dua (lub zog tensile Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 600MPa) kom ntseeg tau ntev -lub sij hawm tiv thaiv - creep effect.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm txawv teb chaws tus qauv PRC rail spikes?
Txawv teb chaws tus qauv PRC rail spikes yog tshwj xeeb anchoring rail spikes rau ballastless lem. Lawv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, siab ruaj khov thiab ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau zoo, haum rau siab - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev thiab cov neeg caij tsheb tshwj xeeb. PRC rail spikes txais yuav ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm "pre-lub tes tsho embedded + tshuaj anchoring". Lub tes tsho ua ntej -embedded yog integrally cam khwb cia thaum lub sij hawm zus tau tej cov khiav slab, nrog ib tug positioning qhov tseeb ntawm tsawg tshaj li los yog sib npaug rau ± 0.5 hli, xyuas kom meej tias lub verticality sib txawv ntawm lub ntsia hlau loj tom qab installation yog tsawg tshaj li los yog sib npaug rau 1 degree, thiab guaranteeing stability ntawm khiav geometric parameters. Cov tshuaj anchoring tus neeg sawv cev yog ib tug siab - lub zog epoxy resin cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub zog compressive ntawm ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 80MPa, thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo quab yuam yog 3 npaug ntawm zoo tib yam sulfur anchoring agents, uas muaj peev xwm khov kho lub rail spikes nrog lub tes tsho, nrog ib tug rub - tawm quab yuam ntawm lub teb chaws ntau tshaj li 10k. 60kn ua. Cov txheej txheem anchoring siv cov neeg kho tshuab kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm tus neeg sawv cev, nrog rau cov koob tshuaj meej thiab lub sijhawm luv luv (mus txog qhov tsim lub zog hauv 24 teev), thiab kev tsim kho siab. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm PRC rail spikes tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv geological tej yam kev mob, thiab tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov hauv cov av mos thiab thaj chaw permafrost, tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej no yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas tom qab. Tom qab tus ntsia hlau loj puas lawm, nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua -aschored los ntawm kev hloov lub tes tsho yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv slab.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam ntawm sulfur anchoring thiab tshuaj anchoring?
Sulfur anchoring thiab tshuaj anchoring yog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, cov txheej txheem tsim thiab siv scenarios. Sulfur anchoring siv sulfur mortar tov nrog sulfur, cement thiab xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem raws li tus neeg sawv cev anchoring, uas yog rhuab thiab melted, poured rau hauv lub reserved qhov ntawm sleepers, thiab solidified tom qab txias los kho cov rail spikes. Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuaj lom neeg xws li epoxy resin thiab acrylate ua cov khoom siv thauj khoom, tsis muaj cua sov, ncaj qha txhaj rau hauv lub qhov thiab tom qab ntawd ntxig rau cov rail spikes, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim siab - lub zog sib txuas tom qab kho. Sulfur anchoring muaj tus nqi tsim kho tsawg thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, haum rau kev tsim kho loj ntawm ballasted lem nyob rau hauv cov pa ceev railways, tab sis tsis zoo siab -kub tsis kam (yuav ua rau softening ntawm ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 100 degree), tsis haum rau siab - kub thiab ballastless lem. Tshuaj anchoring muaj zog thiab zoo huab cua tsis kam, thiab nws rub- tawm quab yuam thiab corrosion kuj zoo dua li sulfur anchoring, haum rau siab - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev, nroog tsheb ciav hlau ballastless lem thiab hnyav - cov kab tsheb, tab sis tus nqi siab, thiab kev tsim kho muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau qhov kub thiab txias (5{16}}35 degree). Lub sijhawm kho ntawm sulfur anchoring yog li 1-2 teev, thiab cov tshuaj anchoring yog li 24 teev, uas yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li kev tsim kho; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev pab cuam lub neej ntev, tshuaj anchoring tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, thiab sulfur anchoring txog 10-15 xyoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau spike anchoring thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas?
Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm rail spike anchoring muaj xws li substandard kev ua tau zoo ntawm anchoring agents, kev tsim kho tsis zoo, ib puag ncig corrosion thiab sab nraud quab yuam puas. Cov phiaj xwm tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom tsis zoo, xws li qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj sulfur mortar thiab cov tshuaj siv tas mus li, yuav ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis txaus thiab yooj yim loosening ntawm rail spikes. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog xaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thauj khoom uas ua tau raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws (TB/T 2093-2019) thiab sim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ua ntej kev tsim kho. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me me, qhov dej tsis txaus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev thauj khoom, thiab inclined installation ntawm rail spikes yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv anchoring. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj qhov drilling txoj kab uas hla (± 1mm) thiab qhov tob (± 5mm), xyuas kom meej tias tus neeg sawv cev anchoring sau cov qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov rail spikes tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1 degree. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib puag ncig corrosion, ntsev tsuag thiab av noo ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv cov ntug hiav txwv dej yuav ua rau xeb thiab aging ntawm rail spikes thiab anchoring agents. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-corrosion rail spikes thiab corrosion{15}}cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anchoring, thiab ua kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tu tsis tu ncua. Kev puas tsuaj sab nraud suav nrog kev ntxhov siab tsis sib xws ntawm kev sib tw tsheb ciav hlau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab kab kev sib haum xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv qhov siab - lub zog rail spikes (lub zog tensile Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 600MPa) thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev txhim kho kev txhim kho hauv cov txheej txheem geological. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis tu ncua rub- tawm kev sim quab yuam ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, piv txwv 5-10 spikes ib mais, thiab rov thauj tog rau nkoj kom raws sijhawm thaum lub zog rub tawm tsawg dua 60kN los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo tsis ua haujlwm.