Taug qab Subgrade Static thiab Dynamic Stiffness Matching thiab Multi-Material Composite Technology
Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus sib piv thiab cov qauv ntsuas rau qhov dynamic thiab zoo li qub nruj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsheb ciav hlau?
Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov dynamic thiab zoo li qub stiffness ntawm rail pads yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "tsawg dynamic-rau- zoo li qub stiffness ratio." Rau siab - cov kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev, qhov dynamic- mus rau - zoo li qub stiffness piv yuav tsum tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 2.0; rau cov kab kev tsheb ciav hlau, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.5; thiab rau kev lag luam thiab mining kab, Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.0, kom ruaj khov kev co txo nyob rau hauv dynamic loads. Static stiffness yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom. Qhov ruaj khov zoo li qub ntawm siab{11}} nrawm nrawm yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 60 ± 10 kN / mm, rau cov pa tsheb ciav hlau ntawm 80 ± 10 kN / mm, thiab rau kev lag luam thiab mining pads ntawm 100 ± 10 kN / mm. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tawv nqaij thiab zoo li qub yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab electro{19}}hydraulic servo dynamic thiab static stiffness testing tshuab nrog loading zaus ntawm 10-50 Hz, simulating dynamic loads ntawm txawv tsheb ciav hlau ceev. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, lub deformation ntawm cov ntaub qhwv nyob rau hauv txawv loads yuav tsum tau sau tseg, thiab cov dynamic -rau-static stiffness piv xam. Qhov sib txawv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau ± 10% yog suav tias tsim nyog. Lub zog dynamic thiab zoo li qub ntawm cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau sim batch los ntawm batch ua ntej tawm hauv lub hoobkas. Cov khoom tsis tsim nyog raug txwv nruj heev los ntawm kev tawm hauv lub Hoobkas kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm kev siv engineering.
Dab tsi yog ntau- cov khoom siv sib xyaw tsim qauv rau kev siab - ceev tsheb ciav hlau khiav rwb thaiv tsev pads?
High-Speed rail khiav rwb thaiv tsev pads txais ib tug peb- txheej txheem ntawm "rubber + nylon + roj hmab". Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sab saum toj thiab hauv qab yog siab- elasticity nitrile roj hmab, thiab nruab nrab txheej yog siab -lub zog nylon ntawv, ntsuas elasticity thiab rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm. Cov roj hmab sab saum toj yog 3 hli tuab nrog Shore hardness ntawm 65HA, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom nqus tau siab - zaus vibrations thiab txo lub log - rail suab nrov. Qhov nruab nrab nylon txheej yog 2 hli tuab nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 5 × 10⁶Ω, kom ntseeg tau tias cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub voj voog khiav. Cov roj hmab hauv qab txheej yog 5 hli tuab nrog Shore hardness ntawm 70HA, txhim kho cov load{19}}cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm lub ncoo. Qhov kub- nias molding kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog tswj ntawm 150 degree, thiab lub siab yog tswj ntawm 10MPa kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb txheej, tsis muaj delamination lossis tev. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog yog sib npaug los tiv thaiv khawb cov ntsia hlau thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, thaum tseem txhim kho cov ntaub qhwv cov ntaub thaiv kev tiv thaiv.
Dab tsi yog qhov hnav- tiv thaiv kom muaj zog thev naus laus zis rau kev taug qab pads ntawm hnyav- cov kab tsheb ciav hlau hauv kev siv mining thiab kev lag luam?
Cov ntaub ntawv taug qab ntawm hnyav- cov kab tsheb ciav hlau hauv kev siv tsuas thiab kev lag luam siv "polyurethane + carbon fiber" cov khoom siv sib xyaw. 10% carbon fiber tau muab tso rau hauv polyurethane matrix, txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv taug qab qhov hnav tsis kam thiab lub zog tsim kua muag; nws hnav tsis kam yog plaub npaug ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab zoo tib yam. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv taug qab yog kho nrog kev tiv thaiv- kev ntxhib los mos, nrog kev ntxhib los mos ntawm qhov tob ntawm 1mm thiab qhov dav ntawm 2mm, ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab tiv thaiv kev tsheb ciav hlau. Cov ntaub qhwv lub thickness tau nce mus rau 12 hli, 4 hli tuab dua li cov ntaub ntawv railway zoo tib yam, txhim kho nws cov load{10}}cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom hnyav. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv taug qab tau ntxiv dag zog nrog 2 hli tuab hlau edging los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov tsheb mining thiab txuas ntxiv cov ntaub qhwv txoj kev pab cuam lub neej. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov mining khiav cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau tswj nruj dua qhov sib xws ntawm carbon fiber dispersion kom tsis txhob muaj cov fiber ntau hauv zos uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Txhua batch ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kev puas tsuaj.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kev ua neej ntev txuas ntxiv rau kev taug qab pads?
Kev tiv thaiv kev laus rau cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm UV stabilizers, antioxidants, thiab mildew inhibitors rau cov khoom, ntawm ntau npaum li cas ntawm 2%-3% ntawm cov roj hmab loj, kom ncua kev yees duab, thermal aging, thiab lom lom. Cov txheej tiv thaiv, 50μm tuab, ua los ntawm polyurethane, yog txau rau saum npoo ntawm lub ncoo, muab cov khoom zoo tiv thaiv kev laus thiab cais nws los ntawm UV thiab ya raws ya raws. Rau cov ntaub thaiv sab nraum zoov, tus neeg saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau thov tsis tu ncua, txhua rau lub hlis, kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntaub thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau elasticity. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov khoom ntse kom tsis txhob khawb cov txheej txheej. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab, tsis muaj qhov khoob los yog wrinkles, kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias muaj kev ntxhov siab. Cov txheej txheem rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev laus taug qab ncoo yog qhov elasticity tuav tus nqi ntawm<70%, at which point it must be replaced immediately to prevent a decrease in shock absorption and impact on track stability.
Dab tsi yog cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm - qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau?
Ua ntej kev teeb tsa, qhov zoo ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Tsuas yog cov ntaub qhwv uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, deformation, lossis npuas npuas tuaj yeem siv tau; cov ntaub qhwv puas raug txwv nruj heev los ntawm kev teeb tsa. Lub ncoo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab hauv qab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau npog tag nrho, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95%, kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub ntaus cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov khoom tawv kom tsis txhob deformation los yog kev puas tsuaj, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev poob siab absorbing nyhuv. Kev saib xyuas niaj hnub yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas txhua hli ntawm cov ntaub qhwv lub cev thiab kev laus. Cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau hloov thaum qhov hnav qhov tob yog ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 1 hli los yog qhov ntev ntawm kev laus yog siab dua los yog sib npaug li 5 hli. Rau siab - cov kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev, cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau txais kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ib xyoos ib zaug. Rwb thaiv tsev ntaub yuav tsum tau hloov thaum lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam<5×10⁶Ω to ensure the normal operation of the track circuit. Special tools must be used when replacing pads to avoid damaging the rails. After replacement, the track geometry must be checked to ensure safe operation.