Lub ntsia hlau ntsia hlau ntsia hlau tiv thaiv raug rub tawm ntawm lub txaj pw los ntawm ob lub tshuab: cov khoom siv sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov xov thiab cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab lub qhov phab ntsa. Ob lub mechanisms scale nrog anchorage qhov tob. Yog tias qhov tob me me dhau lawm, qhov spike's rub- tawm tsis kam poob qis dua tus nqi tsim, thiab lub zog ntev ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau nres thiab pib tuaj yeem rub lub tsheb ciav hlau raws tus neeg pw tsaug zog, nthuav dav qhov ntsuas, cuam tshuam qhov kev sib dhos thiab ua rau lub qhov pw tsaug zog. Nyob rau hauv kev vibration loads ib tug ntiav anchorage tseem concentrates kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub sab saum toj ntawm lub qhov, uas yuav khoov los yog tawg lub spikes thiab nws thiaj li cia lub tsheb ciav hlau poob tag nrho.
Anchorage Depth los ntawm Sleeper Hom thiab Kab Qib
| Sleeper / kab hom | Hom anchorage qhov tob (mm) | Sau ntawv |
| Ntoo pw tsaug zog, kab teeb | 100-120 | Qhov tob txwv los ntawm qhov chaw pw tsaug zog; spikes feem ntau tsav ntau dua li grouted |
| Ordinary qhob pw tsaug zog | 150-160 | Cov kev xyaum suav nrog rau cov pa - cov kab nrawm |
| Prestressed qhob pw tsaug zog | 160-170 | Anchoring yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom puas prestressing tendons |
| High - kab ceev | 170-180 | Kev nruj dua verticality thiab kev tswj qhov tob tob |
| Heavy-cov kab | 180-200 | Siab qag loads xav tau qhov siab tshaj plaws daim ntawv cog lus cheeb tsam thiab siab - lub zog spikes |
Qhov siab kam rau ua qhov tob yog feem ntau tuav rau ntxiv lossis rho tawm ob peb millimeters ntawm cov kab niaj hnub no, thiab lub qhov ntsug yog tswj kom nyob rau hauv li 2 degrees ntawm cov kav dej kom lub pob txha yog loaded axially es tsis yog dabtsi yog khoov.
Anchoring Systems: Sulfur Cement piv rau Chemical Grout
| Khoom | Sulfur cement anchoring | Tshuaj (resin / grout) anchoring |
| Kev thov kub | Molten, ncuav ntawm kwv yees li 150-180 C | ambient kub curing |
| Bond zog | Nruab nrab, feem ntau qis dua 10 MPa | Feem ntau 10-20 MPa nyob ntawm qhov system |
| Siab - qhov kub thiab txias | tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg muaj zog hauv PC pw tsaug zog | Tsis muaj |
| Reusability ntawm cov khoom siv | Yuav tsum tau melting cog thiab kub tuav | Cartridge los yog twj tso kua mis |
| Durability | nkig, rhiab rau khov -thaw | Kev laus zoo dua thaum tsim los rau kev siv |
Vim hais tias molten sulfur yog poured ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv qhov twg nws muaj peev xwm overheat prestressing tendons nyob rau hauv qhob sleepers. Cov tshuaj anchoring agents yog cov qauv kev xaiv rau siab -ceev thiab hnyav- cov kab tsheb, qhov twg daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog ntawm 15 MPa thiab siab dua yog feem ntau teev.
Rub -Tshaj Tawm Kev Xav Tau thiab Kev Ntsuas
Lub rub- tawm (tshem tawm) tsis kam ntawm cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yog txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov kev xeem tshem tawm: lub hydraulic rub- tawm tester tuav lub taub hau ntsia hlau loj thiab siv qhov nro ntawm tus nqi tswj kom txog thaum tus ntsia hlau loj mus txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj quab yuam lossis swb. Hauv kev xyaum suav, kev lees paub txog li 60 kN rau cov pa - cov kab nrawm, 70 kN rau siab - cov kab ceev thiab 80 kN rau hnyav- cov kab tsheb thauj khoom feem ntau tau teev tseg, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis muaj qhov tawg ntawm qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab. Cov kev coj ua nyob sab Europe ntsuas kev nrawm nrawm raws li EN 13481 series yuav tsum siv EN 13146 xeem series, uas suav nrog kev rov ua dua thiab kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig ua ntej tshem tawm kev sim. Kev kuaj yog ib txwm ua raws li feem pua ntawm cov ntsia hlau spikes, nrog tus nqi nce ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li turnouts, curves thiab braking sections, thiab cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau nthuav dav yog tias pom qhov ua tsis tiav.
Tsim thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tsim Kho
Laum lub qhov mus rau txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov tob; undersized qhov tawg nyob rau hauv grout siab thiab oversized qhov txo daim ntawv cog lus cheeb tsam.
Ntxuav lub qhov nrog compressed cua ua ntej anchoring; hmoov av, roj los yog dej tshaj li ob peb feem pua ntawm cov dej noo yuav txiav lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus sharply.
Tswj lub qhov verticality nyob rau hauv li 2 degrees ntawm cov kav dej.
Sau lub qhov tag nrog tus neeg sawv cev anchoring; huab cua hnab tshos tsim voids uas txo qis rub - tawm tsis kam.
Ntxig tus ntsia hlau loj thiab tso cai rau tus neeg sawv cev kho kom muaj zog tag nrho ua ntej tsheb rov qab; Lub sijhawm kho yog feem ntau 24 teev ntawm chav tsev kub rau cov tshuab resin.
Tshawb xyuas nrog cov kev xeem tshem tawm ntawm tus qauv pom zoo thiab sau cov txiaj ntsig rau kev lees txais.
Kev Ntseeg Tsis Zoo
Kev sib sib zog nqus yog ib txwm zoo dua yog qhov tsis raug: dhau - qhov tob tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg muaj zog lossis tawg los ntawm lub hauv paus pw tsaug zog. Kev tshem tawm quab yuam ib leeg tsis ua pov thawj zoo anchorage, vim hais tias tus ntsia hlau loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub zog loj nrog kev hloov pauv loj thiab tseem ua tsis tau raws li kev thauj khoom rov qab; tshem tawm yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab. Thiab sulfur cement thiab tshuaj grout tsis hloov pauv ntawm tib hom kev pw tsaug zog: cov khoom siv pw tsaug zog, qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog txiav txim siab qhov system.
FAQ
Yuav ua li cas yog hais tias lub anchorage qhov tob yog ntiav heev?
Rub- tawm qhov kev tawm tsam poob qis dua tus nqi tsim, qhov loj me me hauv qab vibration, lub qhov pw tsaug zog puas lawm, qhov ntsuas tau nthuav dav, thiab thaum muaj xwm txheej loj lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem nqa thiab derail lub tsheb ciav hlau.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sulfur thiab tshuaj anchoring?
Sulfur cement yog poured molten ntawm 150-180 C thiab yog nkig; chemical grouts kho ntawm ambient kub, daim ntawv cog lus ntau zog thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tshav kub puas rau prestressed pw tsaug zog, uas yog vim li cas lawv nyiam nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kab.
Yuav rub- tawm qhov kev tiv thaiv li cas?
Nrog lub hydraulic rub- tawm tester siv qhov nro ntawm qhov ceev kom txog thaum lub hom phiaj quab yuam los yog qhov sib tsoo. Kev lees txais piv rau kev quab yuam thiab kev hloov pauv nrog cov nqi teev tseg, thiab qhov nruab nrab anchorage yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg.
Vim li cas qhov kev huv huv yog qhov tseem ceeb?
Plua plav thiab noo noo txo qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg sawv cev anchoring thiab lub qhov phab ntsa. Lub qhov qias neeg tuaj yeem txiav qhov ua tiav rub tawm tau- tawm dag zog los ntawm cov npoo loj txawm tias qhov tob yog qhov tseeb.
Puas tuaj yeem rub- tawm qhov kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem txhim kho tom qab kev teeb tsa?
Yog tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom tau tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg, qhov spike yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, lub qhov ntxuav thiab rov ua dua -anchored nrog tus neeg sawv cev tshiab; ntxiv torque rau ib tug xoob spike npog qhov teeb meem thiab accelerates pw tsaug zog puas tsuaj.
Puas hnyav - cov kab tsheb thauj mus los xav tau kev thauj mus los tob dua?
Yog lawm. Hnyav axle loads ua rau muaj zog dua longitudinal thiab uplift rog, yog li hnyav -haul xyaum qhia qhov tob tshaj anchorage (txog li 200 mm) ua ke nrog siab - lub zog spikes thiab tshuaj anchoring kom lub fastening ruaj khov rau tag nrho cov kab lub neej.