Shore Hardness grading ntawm Rail Pads thiab Precise Matching nrog txawv Track Stiffnesses
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub cev muaj dab tsi ntawm Shore hardness ntawm hauv qab -rail pads thiab taug qab nruj?
Lawv nthuav tawm qhov kev sib raug zoo exponential: rau txhua txhua 10- taw tes nce hauv Shore hardness, lub ncoo lub elastic modulus (piv txwv li, txhav) nce li ntawm 30% -50%. Qis hardness txhais tau tias hloov tau yooj yim molecular chains, ntau dua pad deformation nyob rau hauv load, qis khiav nruj, thiab zoo cushioning kev ua tau zoo. Lub hardness siab dua txhais tau tias ntau dua molecular cross-linking ceev, muaj zog tiv thaiv deformation, siab dua taug qab nruj, thiab zoo dua geometric duab tuav. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no yog lub hauv paus theoretical rau engineering taug qab nruj tsim los ntawm kev kho hardness.
Dab tsi tshwj xeeb Shore hardness yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv qab -rail pads rau txawv ceev-chav kawm kab?
Cov kab ib txwm (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 120 km / h) ua ntej txo qis kev co, feem ntau yog siv qis- cov ntaub qhwv tawv tawv (Shore A 50-60) kom txo lub log - lub suab nrov thiab kev co. Intercity railways (120-200km/h) sib npaug ntawm kev vibration txo thiab ruaj khov, siv nruab nrab{11}}cov tawv tawv (Shore A 60-70). High-speed railways (Ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 250km / h) xav tau kev caij tsheb hnyav thiab tsis sib xws, yog li siv cov ntaub ntawv siab tawv (Shore A 70-80). Qhov kev faib tawm no ua kom pom cov lus teb dynamic khiav ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Vim li cas ho hnyav -haul thiab siab - cov kab ceev, nrog cov qag sib txawv, yuav tsum tau xaiv qhov sib txawv hnyav?
Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb rau hnyav- cov kab tsheb thauj khoom (axle load Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 30t) yog "tswj kev khiav deformation nyob rau hauv siab qag loads." Cov ntaub mos muag heev (Shore A<60) cause excessive rail settlement, leading to sleeper fracture. Thus, heavy-haul lines use ultra-high hardness pads (Shore D 40-50, equivalent to Shore A 85-90) or composite high-hardness pads. High-speed lines have lighter axle loads (≈17t) but are sensitive to stiffness uniformity; excessively hard pads (Shore A>80) ua rau lub log nce siab -rail dynamic rog. Qhov kev xaiv qhov sib txawv no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "load-bearing peev" vs. "sib smoothness."
Vim li cas hauv qab -rail pads hauv cov chaw hloov pauv yuav tsum muaj "zonal hardness design"?
Kev faib tawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw hloov pauv yog qhov tsis sib xws; cuam tshuam cov loads ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb (cov ntsiab lus, hla, hloov rails) yog tshaj peb npaug ntawm cov seem ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau. Yog li, hloov cov ntaub qhwv tsis tuaj yeem siv ib qho hardness thiab xav tau zonal tsim: ultra- siab hardness pads (Shore A 80-90) rau kev thauj khoom-cov kabmob (hloov rails, hla) kom tiv taus cov khoom hnyav; siab-cov ntaub qhwv tawv tawv (Shore A 70-80) rau cov kab hlau txuas thiab cov hlua txuas; medium-hardness pads (Shore A 60-70) rau cov cheeb tsam theem nrab (sleeper kawg). Zonal hardness tsim tau ua tiav qhov kev sib tw zoo sib xws hauv cov keyboards, txuas ntxiv tag nrho lub neej hloov.
Yuav ua li cas ntsuas lub ncoo hardness siv lub Shore durometer ntawm -site thiab txiav txim siab compatibility?
Siv tus qauv -raws li Shore durometer (Hom A rau roj hmab, Hom D rau cov yas tawv). Ua ntej, muab lub ncoo tso rau ntawm qhov chaw nruj kom tsis txhob ntsuas qhov yuam kev los ntawm kev ncua. Tom qab ntawd, nias lub durometer sojntsuam vertically rau hauv lub ncoo nto, tuav rau 15 vib nas this, thiab nyeem tus nqi. Ntsuas tsawg kawg peb lub ntsiab lus rau ib lub ncoo thiab coj qhov nruab nrab. Txiav txim siab rau qib tsim hardness: qhov sib txawv tshaj ± 5 degrees qhia tias tsis sib haum. Piv txwv li, lub siab - kab nrawm ntsuas ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv A 65 muaj qhov nruj tsis txaus, cuam tshuam qhov smoothness thiab yuav tsum tau hloov.