Rail Pad Anti-aging Technology thiab Extreme Environment Adaptability Design
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb thiab ua rau muaj kev laus tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau?
Lub ntsiab tshwm sim ntawm kev laus tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv rail pads muaj xws li elastic decay, nto tawg, thiab ntau compression txheej. Elastic decay yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis ua hauj lwm hom, tshwm sim los ntawm breakage ntawm roj hmab molecular chains nyob rau hauv lub ncoo cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab kub hloov, ua rau ib tug nce nyob rau hauv lub elastic modulus thiab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv poob siab absorbing kev ua tau zoo. Nto tawg yog tshwm sim los ntawm daim duab -oxidative aging nyhuv ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet ua rau tus ntoo khaub lig- txuas cov qauv ntawm cov roj hmab molecules, ua rau lub ncoo nto plam lub zog thiab tsim cov kab nrib pleb. Cov kab nrib pleb tob dua 1 hli ua rau cov laus hauv lub ncoo. Cov txheej txheem ntau dhau yog hais txog lub ncoo qhov tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau nws cov qauv qub nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm thauj khoom, nrog deformation ntau tshaj 10%. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm tsis txaus tsis kam rau compressive qaug zog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ncoo, ua rau irreversible deformation ntawm molecular chains nyob rau hauv rov compression. Kev laus tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig. High - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig ua kom lub thermo- oxidative kev laus ntawm cov roj hmab molecules, thaum qhov chaw txias heev txo cov tawv tawv ntawm cov ntaub qhwv, ua rau nws yooj yim rau pob tawg. Acids thiab alkalis nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive heev corrode lub ncoo nto thiab puas cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev teeb tsa tsis raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv taug qab tuaj yeem ua rau kev laus. Piv txwv li, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv taug qab thiab cov neeg pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cheeb tsam, ua kom qaug zog ntawm cov ntaub qhwv.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem txhim kho kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv- kev laus ntawm cov ntaub qhwv?
Cov khoom tsim kev txhim kho kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv- kev laus ntawm cov ntaub qhwv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm peb yam: kev hloov kho cov khoom siv matrix, ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv matrix siv ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) roj hmab es tsis txhob siv roj hmab ib txwm siv. EPDM roj hmab muaj huab cua zoo heev thiab kev laus ua haujlwm; nws tsis kam mus rau ultraviolet aging yog ntau tshaj peb npaug ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj, zoo ncua lub breakage ntawm molecular chains. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov qauv. Kev sib xyaw ua ke los tiv thaiv- kev laus ntawm "antioxidant + UV absorber + lub teeb stabilizer" raug saws. Hindered phenolic antioxidants raug xaiv, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv tswj ntawm 0.5%-1.0%, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov thermo-oxidative aging ntawm roj hmab. Benzotriazole cov khoom raug xaiv los ua UV absorbers, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv tswj ntawm 1.0%-1.5%, uas tuaj yeem nqus tau UV rays thiab txo cov duab -oxidative laus. Hindered amine cov khoom raug xaiv los ua lub teeb stabilizers, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv tswj ntawm 0.8%-1.2%, uas tuaj yeem ntes cov dawb radicals thiab ncua kev laus. Filler optimization siv nano-calcium carbonate los hloov ib txwm lub teeb calcium carbonate. Qhov loj me me ntawm nano-calcium carbonate yog tswj ntawm 50-100nm, uas tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov roj hmab matrix, txhim kho cov compression teeb tsis kam ntawm lub ncoo, txo cov compression teeb ntawm 15% mus rau hauv qab 8%. Tom qab kev txhim kho cov qauv, cov ntaub qhwv ntsej yuav tsum dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus sai. Tom qab kev laus rau 1000 teev ntawm 70℃nyob rau hauv UV irradiation, lub elastic modulus hloov tus nqi yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li los yog sib npaug rau 10%, thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj nto tawg, ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev laus tsim.
Dab tsi yog qhov adaptability tsim qauv rau siab -kub ib puag ncig taug qab ncoo?
Lub tswv yim tsim kev hloov kho kom haum rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig taug qab cov pawm siv ob lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov kho thiab cov qauv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov kho, cua sov- cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tau ntxiv rau EPDM roj hmab tsim, siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob organosilicon- cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov nyiaj ntxiv tswj ntawm 2.0%-2.5%. Qhov no ua rau kom cov cua sov ua kom sov ntawm lub ncoo, tso cai rau nws kom ruaj khov elastic zog txawm tias ntawm 120 degree. Tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem vulcanization raug hloov kho, ua haujlwm siab -kub, luv-lub sijhawm vulcanization. Lub vulcanization kub yog tswj ntawm 180-190 degree, thiab lub sij hawm vulcanization yog tswj ntawm 10-15 feeb, uas ua rau ib tug ruaj khov cross-linked qauv thiab txhim kho tshav kub aging kuj. Cov txheej txheem kub dissipation tsim suav nrog cov cua kub dissipation grooves rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ncoo, nrog rau qhov dav ntawm 5 hli, qhov tob ntawm 3 hli, thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm 10 hli. Qhov no ua rau kom lub tshav kub dissipation cheeb tsam ntawm lub ncoo, accelerates tshav kub dissipation, thiab txo cov kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub ncoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub thermal conductive silicone ncoo nrog lub thermal conductivity Ntau dua los yog sib npaug ntawm 1.0W / (m・K) yog nteg nruab nrab ntawm lub ncoo thiab cov neeg pw tsaug zog, sai sai hloov cov cua sov los ntawm lub ncoo mus rau lub txaj pw thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov. Tom qab kev tsim kho kom haum tau tiav, qhov kev ntsuas kub-kub aging yog ua. Tom qab muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm 120℃rau 1000 teev, qhov elasticity ntawm lub ncoo yog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 8%, thiab cov txheej txheem compression tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10%, ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm kub.
Dab tsi yog qhov toughness - txhim khu kev ntsuas rau kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv qhov chaw txias?
Cov qauv tsim kom muaj zog ntxiv rau kev taug qab pads hauv qhov siab - qhov siab thiab qhov chaw txias feem ntau suav nrog ob yam: cov khoom siv tawv hloov kho thiab cov qauv tiv thaiv - brittleness tsim. Kev hloov kho cov khoom siv tawv yuav suav nrog ntxiv cov tshuaj toughening rau EPDM roj hmab tsim, siv cov roj hmab butyl ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv toughening, nrog rau cov nyiaj ntxiv tswj ntawm 10%-15%. Butyl roj hmab muaj qhov zoo heev uas tsis tshua muaj - qhov kub thiab txias, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ncoo nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv tau ntxiv, siv polyol-raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau cov nyiaj ntxiv tswj ntawm 1.0%-1.5%, uas tuaj yeem txo cov iav hloov pauv kub ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ncoo, tso cai rau nws kom muaj kev ywj pheej zoo txawm tias nyob ntawm -40℃. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv- brittleness tsim hloov lub kaum ntse ntse hloov ntawm lub ncoo nrog loj sib hloov ntawm R10mm, tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv brittleness tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tsim txheej txheej tau txais yuav, nrog rau siab - cov khoom toughness rau txheej txheej thiab siab - cov khoom elasticity rau txheej sab hauv. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo yog tswj ntawm 2 hli kom tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, thaum txheej txheej txheej txheej yog tswj ntawm 8 hli kom ntseeg tau tias kev poob siab ua haujlwm. Tom qab tsim kom muaj zog-txhim kho qhov ua tiav tiav, yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tsawg. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm -40 degree, ib tug 2kg rauj poob los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1m mus rau lub ncoo. Lub ncoo yog suav tias yog 合格 (tsim nyog) yog tias nws pom tias tsis muaj kab nrib pleb lossis kev puas tsuaj, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv qhov chaw txias heev.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv kev lees paub rau kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv - kev laus kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau?
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv- kev laus kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau muaj xws li peb pawg: kev ntsuas kev laus sai, kev ntsuas kub thiab qis qis, thiab kev ntsuas qhov chaw raug. Kev kuaj kev laus nrawm nrawm siv lub xenon teeb aging test chamber los simulate ultraviolet irradiation thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias. Cov xwm txheej ntsuas yog: lub teeb siv 60W / m², kub 70 degree, thiab lub sijhawm ntsuas 1000 teev. Tom qab qhov kev xeem, tus nqi ntawm kev hloov ntawm elastic modulus, compression set, thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub ncoo yog ntsuas. Kev ntsuas kub siab thiab qis qis siv lub ntsuas kub thiab qis qis nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm -40℃txog 120 degree, thiab 100 cycles. Txhua lub voj voog suav nrog 2-teev siab- qhov kub thiab txias tuav 2-teev. Tom qab kev ntsuam xyuas, cov tsos thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub ncoo yog ntsuas. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov chaw raug ua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig huab cua, xws li cov suab puam kub, thaj chaw frigid permafrost, thiab cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntsev tsuag, nthuav tawm cov ntaub qhwv rau cov ntsiab lus rau ib xyoos, nrog rau kev saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv mus sij hawm. Cov txheej txheem lees txais suav nrog: tom qab kev ntsuas kev laus nrawm, qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10%, qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi qis dua lossis sib npaug li 8%, thiab tsis muaj qhov tawg; tom qab kev ntsuas kub thiab qis qis, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb lossis deformation; thiab tom qab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas raug pom, qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 15%. Tus nqi dhau rau txhua pawg ntawm cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum muaj ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99%, thiab txhua yam khoom tsis tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev siv engineering.