Rail Material Upgrade thiab Toughening Technology Roadmap
Dab tsi ntawm cov kab tsheb ciav hlau yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv tsev tsheb ciav hlau U71Mn, U75V, thiab U78CrV haum rau?
U71Mn yog ib qho kev tsheb nqaj hlau pearlitic, nrog lub zog nruab nrab thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov pa railways, chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, thiab lwm yam kab vim nws cov nqi qis, yooj yim ntawm vuam, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev txij nkawm. U75V yog lub siab - lub zog pearlitic rail nrog kev txhim kho tensile zog thiab hnav tsis kam. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau siab -cov kab nrawm nrawm, hnyav- cov kab tsheb thauj mus los, qhov ntev gradients, thiab ntu nrog cov nkhaus ntom ntom, thiab tam sim no yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau siab - nrawm thiab cov kab hauv cov kab hauv Suav teb. U78CrV yog microalloyed reinforced rail, nrog rau kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li chromium thiab vanadium los kho cov nplej, ntxiv kev txhim kho nws lub zog, tawv, qaug zog, thiab corrugation kuj. Nws haum rau hnyav- txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, me me - voj voog nkhaus, siab- ntu ntu, txuas txuas ntev, thiab ntu qhov av.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog thiab toughening rails?
Ib qho yog microalloying, uas siv cov kab lus xws li vanadium, niobium, titanium, thiab chromium los kho cov nplej, txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv, thiab ib txhij ua kom muaj kev sib tw. Qhov thib ob, tswj dov thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, deformation, thiab txias tus nqi thaum lub sij hawm dov optimizes pearlite lamellar qhov sib txawv, ua rau cov qauv tsis sib xws thiab tsim nyog qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Thib peb, tag nrho -ntev quenching thiab tempering sib sib zog nqus lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau, txhim kho qhov tawv tawv thiab hnav tsis kam thaum ua kom cov tub ntxhais tawv tawv thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Plaub, cov txheej txheem ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo, xws li tag nrho - ntev rail lub taub hau quenching, txheej ntxiv dag zog, thiab ion implantation, txhim khu kev hnav tsis kam, tev tsis kam, thiab tiv taus qaug zog. Thib tsib, huv si steel smelting txo cov sulfur, phosphorus, gases, thiab inclusions, minimizing internal defects thiab txhim kho lub neej qaug zog.
Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum hnyav - cov kab tsheb thauj khoom siv siab - lub zog hnav - cov hlua tiv taus?
Hnyav- tsheb ciav hlau hnyav muaj cov qag hnyav, tsheb loj ceev, thiab lub log- kev tsheb ciav hlau kev sib cuag kev nyuaj siab tshaj li ntawm cov kab zoo tib yam. Ordinary rails muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li tsheb ciav hlau lub taub hau crushing, sab hnav, corrugation, tev, thiab qaug zog tawg. High-lub zog hnav- cov hlua tiv taus muaj zog dua, cov qauv ruaj khov dua, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog, txo qis hnav tus nqi, ncua kev sib tsoo, thiab txo cov tsheb ciav hlau hloov zaus, yog li txo tau tag nrho lub neej- voj voog ntawm kab. Lub caij no, nyob rau hauv braking, pib, thiab gradient seem, siab - lub zog rails tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau dua shear thiab longitudinal quab yuam, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau kawg crushing thiab yas deformation.
Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib tiv tauj kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hwm yog dab tsi?
Kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog feem ntau tshwm sim raws li ntses- nplai tawg, spalling, thiab cov tub ntxhais puas tsuaj ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv ntawm lub log thiab tsheb ciav hlau. Crack propagation yooj yim ua rau rail tawg. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj xyuas muaj xws li: xaiv siab - lub zog, hnav- cov hlua tiv taus; txhim kho txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau smoothness thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab hauv zos; siv kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo kom tshem tawm qhov chaw micro- tawg thiab cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab; tswj lub log txoj kab uas hla qhov sib txawv thiab lub log polygonality los txo lub log- kev tsheb nqaj hlau; txhim kho qhov sib txuam ntawm kev khiav elasticity thiab txhav kom txo tau kev ntxhov siab; thiab ntxiv dag zog rau qhov tsis pom kev txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhaws).
Dab tsi cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov khoom txhawb nqa?
Cov kev tsheb ciav hlau muaj zog ntxiv, hardness, thiab nruj yuav hloov lub xeev kev ntxhov siab ntawm fasteners, pads, thiab sleepers. Feem ntau, kev hloov kho ib txhij yuav tsum tau: fasteners nrog ntau dua clamping quab yuam, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav clips nrog lub zog qaug zog, rail pads nrog siab load- bearing muaj peev xwm thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam, reinforced anchoring systems, thiab siab dua - lub zog sib koom bolts thiab fishplates. Yog tias cov ntsia hlau tau hloov kho dua tshiab tab sis cov khoom siv tsis yog, cov saw hlau tsis ua haujlwm yuav tshwm sim, xws li cov hlua khi, cov ntaub qhwv crushing, ntsia liaj qhov rooj loosening, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov pw tsaug zog. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsia hlau thiab accessories yuav tsum tau upgraded systematically thiab synchronously.