Kev Tswjhwm Zoo Technology thiab Adaptation Solutions rau Cov Kabmob Sib Txawv ntawm Rail Welded Joints
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis rau kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha hauv siab - cov kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev?
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj kom zoo rau kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha nyob rau hauv siab - txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev yog los xyuas kom meej qhov smoothness thiab siab zog ntawm cov pob qij txha. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem welding lub pob nyem tau txais, nrog rau qhov vuam voltage tswj ntawm 380V thiab vuam tam sim no ntawm 1500-1800A, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau vuam yog ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 100%. Tom qab welding, normalizing kev kho mob yog nqa tawm, nrog rau cov cua kub kub ntawm 900{18}}950℃thiab tuav lub sij hawm rau 30 feeb, homogenizing lub weld qauv thiab txhim kho lub toughness thiab lub zog ntawm kev sib koom tes. Qhov saum npoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yog hauv av mus rau qhov roughness Ra Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6μm, ua raws li qhov tiaj tus ntawm cov hlau rail, tsis txhob muaj lub log hnyav dua - kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Kev tshawb nrhiav dual ntawm ultrasonic qhov tsis pom kev thiab kev sib nqus particle qhov tsis zoo yog txais yuav. Lub rhiab heev ntawm ultrasonic flaw nrhiav tau ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau φ2mm, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li huab cua qhov thiab slag inclusions nyob rau hauv lub weld; Magnetic particle flaw detection tuaj yeem ntes cov kab nrib pleb loj dua lossis sib npaug li 0.2 hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog tensile ntawm lub welded sib koom yuav tsum siab dua los yog sib npaug rau 95% ntawm lub hauv paus hlau lub zog, thiab cov khoom muaj zog ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 90% ntawm lub hauv paus hlau lub zog, ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev kub ceev tsheb ciav hlau.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev tiv thaiv- qaug zog zoo tswj cov phiaj xwm rau kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha hauv hnyav -haul kab rails?
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv - qaug zog zoo tswj kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha hauv hnyav- cov kab tsheb yog los txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam thiab tawg kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob qij txha. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem aluminothermic welding yog saws, thiab cov vuam flux yog ib qho hnyav tshwj xeeb -haul rail vuam flux, kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog tensile ntawm cov hlau vuam yog ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 780MPa thiab qhov elongation ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 12%. Tom qab welding, tempering kev kho mob yog nqa tawm, nrog rau cov cua kub kub ntawm 600{13}}650℃thiab tuav lub sij hawm rau 1 teev, tshem tawm welding residual kev nyuaj siab nrog ib tug kev ntxhov siab tshem tawm tus nqi siab tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 80%. Lub vuam ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yog hauv av thiab dov, nrog lub zog dov tswj ntawm 50-60kN, ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw weld thiab inhibiting qhov pib ntawm qaug zog tawg. Phased array ultrasonic flaw detection yog saws, uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb micro- tsis xws luag hauv qhov vuam nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tsis zoo ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99%. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov welded sib koom ua ke yuav tsum dhau qhov kev sim qaug zog, nrog rau lub voj voog qaug zog ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 5 × 10⁶ lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub simulated 35t qag load, kom tsis txhob qaug zog tawg thaum lub sij hawm ntev kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv hnyav-haul kab.
Dab tsi yog kev tswj hwm kev lag luam zoo rau kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha hauv cov kab - nrawm nrawm?
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam zoo rau kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha hauv cov kab - nrawm yog los txo cov nqi ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem roj siab vuam tau txais yuav, nrog lub vuam siab tswj ntawm 3-5MPa thiab cua kub ntawm 1200-1250℃. Tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog 30% qis dua li ntawm lub pob nyem vuam thiab 20% qis dua li ntawm aluminothermic vuam. Tom qab vuam, kev sib tsoo yooj yim yog nqa tawm mus rau qhov roughness Ra tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.2μm, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom du ntawm cov kab nrawm nrawm. Portable ultrasonic flaw detector yog siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav, tsom rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov huab cua thiab cov slag inclusions hauv cov vuam, thiab cov teeb meem nrog txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 hli yog tsim nyog. Cov khoom siv vuam ntawm tib qib raws li cov hlau hauv paus raug xaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib koom ua ke tsis txaus los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, thiab lub zog tensile ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 85% ntawm lub hauv paus hlau lub zog tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov kab nrawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov welded sib koom yog coated nrog anti-xeb primer nrog lub thickness Ntau dua los yog sib npaug ntawm 50μm, txhim khu kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab ncua lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm kev sib koom tes, tsis muaj kev kho cua sov ntxiv, txo cov nqi ntxiv.
Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qis -kub toughness zoo tswj rau rail welded pob qij txha hauv thaj tsam alpine?
Lub hauv paus ntawm qis-kub toughness zoo tswj rau rail welded pob qij txha nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam alpine yog los txhim kho lub nkig tawg tsis kam ntawm cov pob qij txha nyob rau hauv qis - kub ib puag ncig. Ua ntej, vuam cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo heev tsawg- kub toughness raug xaiv, thiab npib tsib xee ntxiv rau cov vuam flux nrog cov ntsiab lus tswj ntawm 3%-5%, txhim kho qhov qis- qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam toughness ntawm vuam hlau, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam lub zog ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 34J ntawm {{18.} Preheating kev kho mob tau txais thaum lub sij hawm vuam, nrog lub preheating kub ntawm 150-200 degree, tsis txhob txias tawg nyob rau hauv lub rail puag hlau los ntawm kub kub hloov tam sim ntawd. Tom qab vuam, kev kho cua txias qeeb yog nqa tawm, thiab kev sib koom ua ke yog qhwv nrog cov paj rwb rwb thaiv tsev thermal, nrog cov cua txias tswj ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5℃/ min, hloov cov qauv vuam mus rau hauv cov qauv bainite nrog zoo toughness. Tsawg- qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas tau raug lees paub rau kev kuaj pom, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov welded pob qij txha raug kuaj ntawm -40 degree, nrog rau lub zog cuam tshuam ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 34J yog tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub welded sib koom yuav tsum tau mus rau lub voj voog khov-thaw, thiab tom qab 50 lub voj voog khov-thaw, lub zog attenuation tus nqi ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 5%, kom ntseeg tau qhov kev pabcuam ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm thaj tsam alpine.
Dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau zoo thiab cov qauv kev lees paub rau rail welded pob qij txha?
Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau zoo rau kev tsheb ciav hlau welded pob qij txha feem ntau suav nrog plaub yam: weld quality, mechanical properties, smoothness and low-temperature toughness. Weld zoo yog kuaj pom los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov pob qij txha rau siab - cov kab nrawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug φ1mm, qhov kev kuaj pom tsis raug ntawm cov pob qij txha rau hnyav- cov kab loj dua lossis sib npaug li 99%, qhov tsis xws ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov pob qij txha rau tib yam - cov kab nrawm tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 hli; Cov khoom siv kho tshuab raug kuaj pom los ntawm kev ntsuas tensile thiab dabtsi yog khoov: tensile lub zog ntawm siab - cov pob qij txha ceev Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95% ntawm cov hlau hauv paus, khoov lub kaum sab xis Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 15℃yam tsis muaj kab nrib pleb; smoothness yog kuaj pom los ntawm ib tug roughness meter: roughness Ra ntawm siab - ceev pob qij txha Tsawg tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 1.6μm, Ra ntawm zoo tib yam - ceev pob qij txha tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.2μm; qis-kub toughness yog kuaj pom los ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas: cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm cov pob qij txha rau thaj tsam alpine ntawm -40℃Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 34J. Cov qauv kev lees paub tau muab faib raws li hom kab: txhua qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pob qij txha welded rau siab - cov kab ceev yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv 100%, thiab 10 pob qij txha raug kuaj ib mais; lub voj voog qaug zog ntawm cov pob qij txha rau hnyav- cov kab loj dua lossis sib npaug li 5 × 10⁶ lub sijhawm, qhov seem tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 80%; lub zog tensile ntawm cov pob qij txha rau tib yam - cov kab ceev Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 85% ntawm cov hlau hauv paus, thiab tus nqi tswj tau li ntawm 90% ntawm cov peev nyiaj; Lub voj voog khov-thaw lub zog attenuation tus nqi ntawm cov pob qij txha rau thaj tsam alpine Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5%. Tom qab dhau qhov kev lees paub, cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm cov pob qij txha welded yuav tsum tau tsim, sau cov kev ntsuas vuam thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem los pab txhawb kev taug qab thiab kev saib xyuas tom qab.