Cov khoom siv cov yam ntxwv thiab xaiv cov ntsia hlau
- Dab tsi yog cov kev sib tw rail thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv li cas?
Cov khoom sib tw sib tw zoo ib yam li cov ntsia hlau, tooj liab, thiab cov nqaj hlau loj thiab muaj zog thiab tau siv dav hauv cov kab tsheb ciav hlau dav dav. Cov ntsiab lus manganese tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau, ntsib cov cai ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau ib txwm muaj. Tooj liab - muaj cov pa roj carbon hlau muaj cov zoo corrosion distance vim txhais ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tooj liab. Lawv tsim nyog rau cov kab hauv ib puag ncig vaum, xws li kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob ze hiav txwv lossis hauv cov chaw muaj kuab paug. Lub tooj liab tooj liab tuaj yeem ua cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau kom ncua xeb. Siab - silicon tooj liab - muaj cov hlau ntsia hlau sib xyaw ua ke lub zog siab ntawm siab - silicon thiab lub corroson tsis kam ntawm tooj liab. Lawv muaj lub zog siab thiab zoo tshaj plaws corrosion tsis kam thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev hnyav - haul railways lossis cov kab kev xav tau kev taug qab ruaj khov. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau dua cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab tswj kav ntev - lub sijhawm ruaj khov. COPPER Rail muaj cov hluav taws xob zoo thiab muaj kev qaug zog tsis zoo thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau nrog cov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, xws li subways thiab sab hauv thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau. Lawv tuaj yeem coj cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, txo lub zog poob, thiab tswj kom muaj kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm pib - nres cov xwm txheej. Manganese tuav, nrog manganese raws li lub ntsiab alloying elyoying thiab hnav tsis kam thiab haum rau kev siv hauv kab nrog kev hnav loj heev, xws li kuv txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Lawv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv cov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm kev muag khoom thiab txo tus nqi kho. Hauv silicon ntsia, cov silicon keeb ua rau lub zog thiab elastic modulus ntawm cov hlau, ua kom cov tsheb ciav hlau los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev qhia locial. Lawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv high - nrawm los yog hnyav - log railways kom paub meej tias qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv sib luag.
- Yuav xaiv cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau uas tsim nyog raws li kab kev tsheb ciav hlau?
Rau siab - nrawm railways, vim qhov siab khiav nrawm thiab loj load ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, cov ntaub ntawv sib tw nrog lub zog siab thiab qhov ncaj thiab txoj kev ncaj ncees. Piv txwv li, U71MNG thiab lwm cov kab ke tshwj xeeb rau kev kub siab - nrawm railways. Lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tau muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov siab - tsheb ciav hlau siab, thiab txo cov kev khiav tawm thiab hnav. Hnyav - Haul railways nqa ntau ntawm cov khoom thauj thiab muaj cov kev xav tau siab heev rau lub zog thiab coj kev muag khoom tsis kam. U75V thiab lwm yam Vanadium - muaj micro - undoyed stair rails yog cov kev xaiv zoo. Lawv lub zog siab thiab kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub siab loj thiab ntau zaus sib txhuam ntawm hnyav - Haul kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txuas ntxiv cov kev pabcuam lub neej. Hauv Urban Rail Transit xws li subways thiab kev sib tw, vim tias cov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntau thiab muaj hluav taws xob. Tooj liab - muaj cov ntsia dav dav hlau stairs lossis tooj liab ci ntsa iab ntau dua. Cov corrosion tsis tooj ntawm tooj liab - muaj cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kev ua kom dav ntawm cov tsheb nqaj hlau ua tau raws li cov haujlwm hluav taws xob kom ntseeg tau tias cov haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ntawm lub ntsiab dav dav - kab kev tsheb ciav hlau, manganese zoo ib yam - muaj kev sib tw tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. Lawv raug nqi - ua tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem tswj cov nqi thaum ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab tswj txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau ib txwm muaj. Rau cov kab nrog cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, xws li thaj chaw ze rau cov nroj tsuag corrosive tsis kam thiab ua kom muaj kev phom sij me me thiab hloov chaw txaus ntshai thiab nquag los ntawm kev xeb.
- Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj ua kom cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua rau lawv ua tau zoo?
Cov pa roj carbon yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau lub zog thiab kev nyuaj ntawm kev ntsia. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tsim nyog hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog thiab hardness, tab sis kuj dhau cov ntsiab lus carbon monoxide yuav txo cov ntsiab lus roj teeb yuav txo cov ntsiab lus roj carbon monoxide, ua rau cov kab nrib pleb, ua rau cov kab nrib pleb, ua rau cov kab nrib pleb, cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej pabcuam. Manganese tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm manganese tuaj yeem tsim manganese sulfide nrog cov leej txiv leej tub, txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov leeg ntawm cov hlau thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Silicon tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog thiab meej meej ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, txhim kho nws lub peev xwm kev tiv thaiv deoxidation nyhuv ntawm cov hlau thiab nce nws txoj kev coj dawb huv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau ntawm silicon cov ntsiab lus yuav ua rau txo qis ntawm cov hlau. Phosphorus thiab leej faj yog cov phom sij rau impurities. Phosphorus yuav ua rau txias - ua rau lub ntsej muag hauv cov hlau, txo nws qhov qis - qhov kub thiab txias; Sulphur yuav ua rau kub - brittleness hauv cov hlau, ua rau nws yooj yim rau tawg thaum lub sijhawm kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis tswj kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Alloy cov ntsiab xws li chromium, vanadium, thiab niobium tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion tiv taus ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab niobium thiab niobium thiab niobium tuaj yeem rov qab cov nplej thiab ua kom muaj zog thiab kev nruj. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus zoo li no, qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau rau kev ua si rail nrog kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau sib txawv tuaj yeem ua tau.
- Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv hauv kev siv vuam ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv?
Manganese zoo nkauj - muaj kev sib tw tau muaj qhov ua tau zoo vuam ua tau zoo. Vim tias lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke zoo, zoo nkauj vuam sib koom tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tau zoo, thiab cov vuam ua kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau. Lawv feem ntau siv rau vuam ntev rails ntawm kev railways zoo li qub. Thaum vuam tooj liab - muaj cov nqaj dav hlau hlau nplaum, yuav ua rau lub ntsej muag tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo weld, nce kev sib tsoo. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho cov txheej txheem vuam, xws li tswj lub vuam tam sim no, voltage thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv vuam kom ntseeg tau tias lub vuam zoo. Lawv tsim nyog rau cov kab nrog corrosion tsis kam thiab uas cov txheej txheem vuam tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov cai. Siab - silicon tooj liab - muaj cov hlau ntsia hlau muaj qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo vim yog cov khoom siv ntau ntawm cov khoom siv. Teeb meem xws li tsis sib xws microsive microstress yog yuav tshwm sim thaum lub vuam txheej txheem thiab kev tswj hwm nruj. Feem ntau, thaum tau thov rau cov kab tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej siv vuam thiab cov cuab yeej siv siab heev yuav tsum kom ntseeg tau Vuam zoo. Thaum vuam tooj liab colls, vim lawv cov hluav taws xob zoo, qhov tam sim no yog qhov kev tswj hwm vuam thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb - siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov fusion zoo ntawm WELD. Lawv feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau nrog hluav taws xob kev xav tau thiab nyob qhov twg vub teeb meem yuav daws tau. Thaum vuam mangorgese ntsia thiab silicon ntsia, vim lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, kev nyuaj ntawm cov hlau sib txawv, cuam tshuam rau cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tsim nyog yuav tsum txhim kho nws. Thaum tau thov rau kab tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm hloov tom qab vuam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
- Yuav muaj kev hloov pauv dab tsi hauv cov ntaub ntawv Rail thaum ntev - kev siv?
Thaum lub sijhawm ntev - Kev Siv, Rail cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj kev qaug zog nyob rau hauv kev ua dua ntawm kev qhia loads. Sab hauv micrchtructure yuav maj mam raug puas tsuaj, ua rau muaj kev txo qis ntawm lub zog thiab tawv. Cov kab nrib pleb yuav tshwm sim thiab nthuav dav, cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb. Nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig huab cua, tus railosive ib puag ncig, txo cov kab ke zoo thiab tsis muaj zog rau cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Lub xeb ceev ntawm corrosion - resistant cov ntaub ntawv xws li tooj liab - muaj kev sib tw yog qeeb, tab sis lawv tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau qee yam tom qab siv sij hawm ntev. Kev sib txhuam nquag ntawm lub log thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav ua rau hnav ntawm cov ciav hlau, hloov cov contour ntawm lub taub hau ciav hlau thiab cuam tshuam txoj kev sib tw khiav ntawm tsheb ciav hlau. Kev ntsia nrog qis dua hardness hnav sib txuas nrawm dua, thiab hnav kev sib tw hauv hnyav - log railways thiab nkhaus ntu yog qhov pom tseeb. Kev hloov qhov kub yuav ua rau cov tsheb ciav hlau nthuav dav thiab cog lus. Nyob rau hauv seamless kab, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau yuav hloov, thiab cov khoom ua tau zoo kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau qee yam. Piv txwv li, cov tsheb ciav hlau nthuav dav thiab deform ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab dhau los ua ntau nkig ntawm cov kub tsawg. Sib ntaus sib haum ntsuas kub kev tswj hwm yuav tsum tau ua. Tsis tas li, thaum lub sijhawm ntev - kev siv sijhawm, cov kev ntxhov siab nyob sab hauv ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau, cuam tshuam rau tag nrho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab kev saib xyuas ib txwm muaj.