Material Adaptation Processes thiab Localized Production Technology for Foreign Standard Rails
Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv ntawm cov qauv txawv teb chaws thiab cov qauv hauv teb chaws?
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv ntawm cov qauv txawv teb chaws thiab lub teb chaws tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau feem ntau yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li carbon, manganese thiab silicon, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy xws li chromium thiab vanadium, yoog raws cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb sib txawv thiab cov kev pabcuam. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv rails (U71Mn/U75V) yog tswj ntawm 0.65%-0.75%, manganese 1.10%-1.40%, silicon 0.50%-0.80%, U75V tsuas yog ntxiv dag zog rau 0.09% ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm 0.04% 0.{3. thiab hnav tsis kam, yoog raws lub qag load thiab kev ua haujlwm ceev ntawm cov kab hauv tsev. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm EU EN54E1 rail yog 0.70%-0.80%, manganese 0.80%-1.10%, silicon 0.60%-0.90%, ntxiv 0.10%-0.20% chromium los txhim kho qhov qaug zog tsis kam ntawm cov kev tsheb nqaj hlau uas tsis tshua muaj kev ua haujlwm nyob sab Europe, ua haujlwm tsis zoo high-ceev railways. North American AAR136RE rail yog ib qho hnyav-haul rail nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon 0.80% -0.90%, manganese 1.20% -1.50%, silicon 0.70% -1.00%, ntxiv 0.05% -0.10% vanadium thiab 0.15% -0.25% kev txhim kho ntawm chromium, uas ua kom zoo dua ntawm chromium thiab 0.15%. mus rau lub qag load ntawm ntau tshaj 30t nyob rau hauv North American hnyav-haul kab. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Japanese JIS E1101 rail yog 0.60% -0.70%, manganese 0.90% -1.20%, silicon 0.40% -0.70%, nrog rau me ntsis ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy, tsom rau qhov toughness thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, yoog raws cov kev xav tau ntawm kev kub ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws muaj kev tswj hwm nruj dua cov ntsiab lus tsis huv xws li sulfur thiab phosphorus, nrog rau cov sulfur thiab phosphorus cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.010%, thaum lub teb chaws tus qauv rails tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.015%, ntxiv kev txhim kho purity ntawm txawv teb chaws tus qauv rails.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw tsim khoom ntawm EU EN54E1 rails?
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv cheeb tsam ntawm EU EN54E1 rails tsom rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, kub dov kub thiab cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, ua kom raug raws li nws cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab kev qaug zog ua haujlwm. Hais txog kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov ntsiab lus carbon yog tswj ntawm 0.72%-0.78%, manganese 0.90%-1.05%, silicon 0.70%-}0.85%, chromium 0.12% -0.18%, sulfur thiab phosphorus cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 0.0. Lub uniformity ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog guaranteed los ntawm meej batching ntawm blast furnace ironmaking thiab theem nrab refining, nrog ib tug sib txawv tsawg tshaj li los yog sib npaug rau ± 0.02%. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kub dov, cov cua kub kub ntawm lub reheating rauv yog tswj ntawm 1250-1280℃nrog lub sij hawm tuav ntawm 3-4 teev kom tag nrho austenitize lub billet, thiab qhov tiav dov kub yog tswj ntawm 850-880℃los xyuas kom meej lub refinement ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau metallographic txais yuav ntau tshaj li kev kho cua sov txheej txheem hauv internet. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tam sim ntawd yog rhuab mus rau 900-920℃los ntawm nruab nrab zaus induction tom qab dov, tuav rau 5-8 feeb thiab tom qab ntawd cua-txias, kom lub metallographic qauv ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yog uniform zoo-grained pearlite, lub hardness ntawm lub saum npoo yog tswj ntawm HRC38-42, lub tensile lub zog loj dua los yog sib npaug zos rau 880 MP. 550MPa. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau txais cov txheej txheem sib tsoo hauv online nrog qhov chaw roughness Ra Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 1.6μm thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau ± 0.2 hli, ua kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li cov cai ntawm EU EN13674-1 tus qauv.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem ntxiv dag zog ntawm thaj chaw tsim khoom ntawm North American AAR136RE hnyav -cov tsheb ciav hlau?
Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv cheeb tsam ntawm North American AAR136RE hnyav- tsheb ciav hlau yog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm "siab alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg + tswj dov thiab tswj cua txias + tawm- kab quenching thiab tempering", uas zoo heev txhim kho lub zog tensile thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab yoog rau qhov hnyav {axle- Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg, ib tug siab -carbon siab-manganese ntxiv alloy mis yog saws, nrog carbon ntsiab lus 0.82%-0.88%, manganese 1.30%-1.45%, silicon 0.80%-0.95%, ntxiv 0.{09}% 0.95% thiab vanadium 0.95%. 0.18% -0.22% chromium. Vanadium tsim cov carbonitrides los ua kom cov nplej zoo dua, thiab chromium txhim kho cov tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau, tso cov khoom siv rau lub zog ntxiv. Hauv kev tswj dov thiab tswj cov txheej txheem txias txias, qhov ua tiav dov kub yog tswj ntawm 800-830 degree, uas yog kub kub dov los ua kom cov nplej austenite. Tom qab dov, cov txheej txheem txias txias txias tau txais yuav nrog qhov ntsuas cua txias ntawm 30-35℃/ s, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau txo qis mus rau 550-600℃kom inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm pearlite nplej thiab tsim cov qauv pearlite zoo. Cov txheej txheem off-line quenching thiab tempering yog tus yuam sij rau lub zog kom muaj zog, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yog rhuab mus rau 880-900℃los ntawm high-frequency induction, tuav rau 3-5 feeb thiab ces quenched los ntawm dej pos huab los ua ib tug 10-15mm tuab hardened txheej ntawm lub tread, lub hardness yog nce mus rau 5 HRC50-temperatureing. 200-220℃rau 2-3 teev kom tshem tawm quenching residual kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis txhob tread cracking. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw no, lub zog tensile ntawm lub zos tsim AAR136RE rail yog ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 1000MPa, thiab hnav tsis kam yog 50% siab dua li lub teb chaws tus qauv U75V rail, uas yog tag nrho raws li North American AAR M103 tus qauv.
Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv tshuaj xyuas zoo rau kev tsim khoom hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb?
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv kev soj ntsuam zoo rau kev tsim khoom hauv cheeb tsam txawv teb chaws txoj kab raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb yog tias cov khoom soj ntsuam, cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas tau ua tiav nrog cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj tawm los xyuas kom meej thiab muaj cai ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov khoom, ntxiv rau cov pa tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, mechanical zog thiab dimensional soj ntsuam, qaug zog kev ua tau zoo, vuam kev ua tau zoo thiab poob ceeb thawj cuam tshuam kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Piv txwv li, AAR rails yuav tsum tau mus kuaj qhov hnyav poob qis, EN rails yuav tsum tau kuaj 1 × 10⁷ qaug zog load, thiab JIS rails yuav tsum tau qis dua - qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov vuam pob qij txha. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev soj ntsuam txoj kev, thoob ntiaj teb kev soj ntsuam txoj kev tau txais yuav: tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siv ncaj qha - nyeem spectrometer nrog ib tug raug ntawm 0.001%, cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siv universal khoom kuaj tshuab, qaug zog kev soj ntsuam siv electro-hydraulic servo qaug zog tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuab, thiab siv ib txwm siv lub tshuab servo qaug zog soj ntsuam xyuas tshuab, thiab txhim kho kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txiav txim ntsuas, cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb yog nruj me ntsis ua raws li: piv txwv li, lub tensile lub zog ntawm EN54E1 rail Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 880MPa, elongation Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 10%, lub tensile lub zog ntawm AAR136RE rail Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 1000Readness 18MPa, Tsawg-kub qhov hluav taws xob muaj zog (-20 degree) ntawm JIS E1101 rail welding joint Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 35J, txhua qhov ntsuas yuav tsum yog 100% tsim nyog yam tsis muaj kev lees paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib cheeb tsam zoo traceability system yog tsim, txhua txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raug cim nrog rau tus naj npawb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, batch naj npawb thiab lub sijhawm tsim khoom kom paub txog tag nrho cov txheej txheem traceability los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov khoom tiav, ua tau raws li cov kev cai traceability ntawm International Union ntawm Railways.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv zos ntawm txawv teb chaws tus qauv rails?
Cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv plaub yam: kev tswj xyuas muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov txheej txheem kub dov hloov, kev kho cua sov tsis sib haum thiab kev tswj qhov tseeb, uas yuav tsum tau daws ib los ntawm ib qho los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem optimization. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj xyuas muaj pes tsawg leeg yog qhov sib ntxiv qis ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy thiab kev sib txawv nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog los siv cov txheej txheem triple ntawm blast furnace ironmaking + LF theem nrab refining + VD nqus tsev degassing. LF qhov cub ua kom raug ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloy nrog kev sib txawv tswj ntawm ± 0.01%, thiab VD nqus tsev degassing ua rau cov ntsiab lus hydrogen ntawm cov hlau molten tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2ppm los txhim kho cov purity ntawm cov hlau molten. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem kub dov hloov pauv yog qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev ua tiav dov kub thiab dov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws sib txawv. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog los hloov cov dov zeb rau hauv tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv digital zaus tswj, uas tuaj yeem kho cov dov nrawm thiab txo qis hauv lub sijhawm, thiab lub tshuab ua kom rov ua kom sov tau txais kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias nrog cov cua kub sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau ± 5 degree. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho cua sov parameter sib piv yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm cov qauv txawv teb chaws thiab cov qauv hauv teb chaws. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog los nruab nrog ntau- theem nruab nrab zaus induction cua sov cov cuab yeej thiab tswj cov cua txias, uas tuaj yeem kho cov cua sov thiab cua txias raws li cov qauv txawv teb chaws, paub txog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam kev kho cua sov xws li normalizing, quenching thiab tempering. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj qhov tseeb yog qhov nruj dua -sectional profile thiab kam rau ua ntawm cov qauv txawv teb chaws. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog los txais yuav siab -precision universal dov zeb rau dov, ua ke nrog laser online txoj kab uas hla ntsuas los saib xyuas tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional dimension nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, thiab hloov kho cov dov zeb tsis tau thaum qhov sib txawv tshaj qhov txwv, kom tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional dimension sib txawv.