1. Torque Qib thiab lawv cov khoom siv fastening
Taug qab ntsia liaj qhov rooj torque tsis yog ib qho nqi tab sis ib qho kev sib tw ua ke nrog rau cov khoom raug fastened. Nyob rau hauv Suav railway xyaum plaub qib nram qab no yog feem ntau siv, thiab cov yuav tsum tau teem los ntawm kev tsim kho kev lees paub specification rau railway track engineering:
| Qib | Torque ntau | Yam khoom | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qib 1 | 550-600 N·m | W- hom elastic strip fastening rau siab - kab ceev | Khaws clip buckling (toe) quab yuam siab tshaj li 12 kN nyob rau hauv siab - zaus vibration |
| Qib 2 | 800-900 N·m | Hom III elastic strip fastening ntawm hnyav -cov kab | Tiv thaiv hnyav qag loads thiab tiv thaiv rail hloov chaw |
| Qib 3 | 300-350 N·m | Hom I elastic strip fastening ntawm tib yam - kab nrawm | Sib npaug fastening quab yuam thiab installation efficiency |
| Qib 4 | 150-200 N·m | Spikes, siab daim hlau thiab cov khoom pabcuam | Zam kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ntau tshaj - zawm |
Kev siv qib tsis raug rau ib qho kev tivthaiv yog ib qho tsis ua haujlwm: nyob rau hauv - torque cia lub fastening ua hauj lwm xoob thiab clip poob ntiv taw load, thaum dhau - torque tuaj yeem ua rau lub bolts lossis tsoo lub ncoo. Lub rooj qib torque yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa muab rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, nrog rau daim ntawv pov thawj torque wrench calibration.
2. Kev tsim kho txheej txheem rau Precise Torque Control
Kev tswj lub zog meej meej ntawm qhov siab - cov kab ceev ua raws cov txheej txheem ntawm calibrated torque ciaj ntswj ntxiv rau torque re- tshuaj xyuas. Ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm, lub torque ciaj ntswj yog calibrated nrog ib tug calibration yuam kev nyob rau hauv ± 3% (calibration ib ISO 6789). Tightening siv kab pheeb ces kaum, kauj ruam -los ntawm- cov qauv kauj ruam: tag nrho cov bolts yog thawj zaug ua ntej- nruj kom txog li 50% ntawm cov ntsuas torque, tom qab ntawd nruj rau tus nqi ntsuas hauv qhov thib ob, uas tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv zos hauv lub hauv paus phaj thiab clip.
Re-kev tshuaj xyuas yog nqa tawm kwv yees li 24 teev tom qab zawm ntawm 10% ntawm cov bolts hauv ntu. Lub re- tshuaj xyuas lub zog tuaj yeem sib txawv tsis ntau tshaj ± 5%; ib qho ntsia liaj qhov rooj sab nraum lub band yog rov- nruj thiab cov xwm txheej kaw. Kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem: thaum huab cua kub siab tshaj 35 C, tus nqi torque yog nce li ntawm 3% rau txhua txhua 5 C nce los them rau qhov kev sib txhuam qis thiab nce creep ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lub ntsej muag sib cuag ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab cov txiv ntoo yog lubricated nrog cov roj uas tau hais tseg kom cov kev sib txhuam coefficient nyob hauv 0.12-0.15 band; uncontrolled kev sib txhuam yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm torque scatter nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob.
3. Ntev-Lub Sijhawm Tiv Thaiv-Loosing Design
Rau hnyav- cov kab tsheb thauj khoom, siv ob txoj kev tiv thaiv- xoob xoob: xov xauv cov nplaum ntxiv rau tag nrho - hlau xauv txiv ntoo. Cov anaerobic xov locking nplaum yog siv rau ntawm kev tswj cov yeeb yaj kiab thickness ntawm 0.1-0.2 hli ntawm cov xov flank; tom qab kho nws sau cov xov tshem tawm thiab tiv thaiv cov txiv ntoo los ntawm kev sib hloov hauv kev vibration. Tag nrho cov hlau xauv cov txiv ntoo tsim cov xov cuam tshuam los ntawm elastic deformation ntawm lub txiv ntseej lub cev, nrog rau lub xauv (prevailing) torque ntawm 200 Nm lossis ntau dua, kwv yees li plaub npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm cov txiv ntoo zoo tib yam.
Xov profile tsim yog ib feem ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem: ib tug serrated xov profile nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 3 degrees resists longitudinal cuam tshuam zoo dua li tus qauv xov nyob rau hauv hnyav -haul shock loading. Kev pov thawj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv -loosing nyhuv yog los ntawm kev vibration test: cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj sib dhos yog mounted ntawm lub vibration rig thiab raug rau 10-100 Hz excitation simulating hnyav-haul cuam tshuam; Tom qab 1 lab cycles lub torque attenuation yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 5%. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, tus qauv raug txiav txim zoo thaum lub zog tuav tus nqi tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog 95% lossis siab dua.
4. Integrated Anti-Corrosion Txheej
Corrosion thiab loosening feem ntau daws tau nyias, tab sis ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ua ke ob qho tib si hauv ib qho kev kho deg. Lub hauv paus txheej yog zinc flake txheej (ib dej-raws li, chromium- dawb zinc-aluminium flake system) siv ntawm 8-12 µm zaj duab xis thickness, muab ntsev tsuag tiv thaiv ntawm 1000 teev los yog ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntsev tshuaj tsuag, uas yog txaus rau ntug hiav txwv dej thiab saline- koog tsev kawm ntawv alkali Cov haujlwm saum toj kawg nkaus yog cov xov xauv cov nplaum siv rau ntawm cov xov nto, uas tom qab kho cov ntaub ntawv elastic uas kaw cov xov tiv thaiv dej vapor thaum muab cov nyhuv los tiv thaiv.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov tswv yim sib xyaw yog tias nws tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntxiv los tiv thaiv-loosing washers lossis teb- siv cov xim pleev xim, ua kom yooj yim installation thiab txo kev txij nkawm. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej yog tsim los rau kev pabcuam ntev: tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv loj lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov raug ultraviolet, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm kwv yees li 20 xyoo, txog ob npaug ntawm cov pa ib txwm siv - kev kho mob ua haujlwm. Rau qhov zoo tib yam - kab nrawm, qhov xav tau ntsev tsuag ntawm 500 teev feem ntau txaus; siab-ceev thiab hnyav-haul installations qhia txog qib 1000 teev.
5. Kev xeem thiab kev lees txais
Torque tus nqi ntawm kev teeb tsa: ua raws li cov lus qib, sib txawv hauv ± 5%; Tom qab ua haujlwm, torque tuav tus nqi ntawm 95% lossis ntau dua yog txiav txim siab tsim nyog.
Anti-loosing: kev vibration test ntawm 1 lab cycles ntawm 10-100 Hz nrog torque attenuation nyob rau hauv 5%; tsis pub loosening los yog xov stripping ntawm lub bolt yog tso cai.
Anti-corrosion: nruab nrab ntsev tshuaj tsuag, 1000 teev (siab-ceev thiab hnyav-haul) lossis 500 teev (zoo ib yam-ceev); tsis muaj xeb liab los yog blistering ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nto tom qab kuaj.
Xov raug: ua raws li GB / T 196 rau metric threads; tsis muaj burrs lossis puas ntawm cov xov profile.
Txheej zoo li: kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ploj los yog sagging qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov ntsia hlau nto.
Sampling: 5% ntawm cov bolts nyob rau hauv tib batch yog random xaiv thiab kuaj; cov batch tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog thaum tus nqi tsim nyog yog 98% lossis siab dua. Tsis yog -cov bolts ua tau zoo raug muab pov tseg thiab tsis tso cai rau ntawm qhov chaw.
6. Kev xav tsis zoo
"Qhov siab dua torque ib txwm txhais tau tias nruj dua, kev nyab xeeb dua."cuav. Torque tshaj qhov qib yields lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj los yog puas lub ncoo thiab clip; txhua yam khoom muaj lub qhov rais torque tsim.
"Ib tug calibrated ciaj ntswj ib xyoos ib zaug txaus."cuav. Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej txhua qhov kev sib tw thiab tom qab kev poob lossis ntau dhau; ib tug drifting wrench ntsiag to re-qib koj lub rooj torque.
"Xov locking nplaum hloov lub ntsuas phoo."Tsis yog hnyav - cov kab tsheb. Lub dual qauv ntawm cov nplaum ntxiv rau tag nrho - hlau xauv txiv ntseej yog teev vim hais tias txhua qhov npog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau lwm tus tsis tuaj yeem: cov nplaum ua kom tshem tawm, cov txiv ntoo muab lub zog loj.
"Zinc plating thiab zinc flake txheej yog tib yam."cuav. Electroplated zinc muab cov txheej hlau nyias nyias nrog kev txwv ntsev tsuag lub neej; zinc flake txheej yog lub thicker composite flake system tsim rau siab corrosion kuj tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai.
"Torque re-kev tshuaj xyuas tsuas yog rau kev tsim kho tshiab."cuav. Periodic re- kev tshuaj xyuas nrog tib ± 5% band yog ib feem ntawm - kev pabcuam tu; ib qho - xyoo tuav daim tshev validates lub anti-loosing tsim ntawm kab tiag tiag.
FAQ
Q1: Dab tsi torque yuav tsum tau siv rau fastening bolts ntawm lub siab - kab ceev?
Rau W- hom elastic strip fastenings, Qib 1 ntau ntawm 550-600 N·m siv, nrog kev ntsuas nruj thiab 10% rov kuaj xyuas ntawm ± 5% sib txawv tom qab 24 teev. Ib txwm paub meej tias tus nqi nrog cov txheej txheem fastening specification rau koj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab clip hom.
Q2: Vim li cas qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau thaum tuav cov bolts saum 35 C?
Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov roj zaj duab xis thins, kev sib txhuam hloov thiab cov khoom nkag tau ntau dua, yog li tib lub zog siv zog ua kom tsawg dua preload. Ntxiv txog 3% torque ib 5 C saum toj no 35 C them nyiaj rau qhov kev hloov pauv thiab rov ua dua tus qauv tsim ua ntej.
Q3: Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv -loosing nyhuv pov thawj rau hnyav- nqa bolts?
Los ntawm kev vibration kuaj ntawm 10-100 Hz rau 1 lab lub voj voog nrog lub zog torque attenuation li ntawm 5%, ntxiv rau kev kuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw: tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub zog tuav yuav tsum yog 95% lossis siab dua.
Q4: Dab tsi ntsev tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau rau cov bolts hauv cov ntug dej hiav txwv?
High-ceev thiab hnyav- cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsheb ib txwm xav tau 1000 teev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntsev tshuaj tsuag; zoo tib yam - cov kab ceev txais 500 teev. Lub zinc flake txheej thickness ntawm 8-12 µm yog txoj kev ib txwm mus txog qib no.
Q5: Tus nqi piv txwv twg yog siv rau kev txais bolt?
5% ntawm cov bolts nyob rau hauv tib batch yog random xaiv thiab kuaj; cov batch raug tso tawm tsuas yog thaum tus nqi tsim nyog yog 98% lossis siab dua. Ua tsis tau tejyam batch yog scrapped kiag li.
Q6: Puas yog xov xauv cov nplaum puas cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej disassembly?
Anaerobic xov locking adhesives raug xaiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - qib zog kom cov bolts tseem tuaj yeem raug tso tawm nrog tus ciaj ntswj thaum tu; qhov tshwj xeeb tshem tawm torque yuav tsum tau hais los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab ua qauv qhia thaum lub sij hawm kuaj.