1. Cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv Ghana (GS) yuav ua li cas hais txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam colonial thiab kev hloov kho tshiab?
Ghana Standards (GS) suav nrog 30kg / m rails rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam kab (Cape Coast) thiab 50kg / m rau niaj hnub Accra-Kumasi kab. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam rails tuav cov bullhead profiles rau colonial-era locomotives, thaum tshiab rails siv UIC- tshoov siab tiaj tus- hauv qab tsim. Ghanaian rails feature corrosion kuj rau ntug hiav txwv Takoradi thiab lub taub hau ntxiv rau cov ntxhia tsheb (kub, bauxite). GS ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev them taus, siv nruab nrab - carbon steel nrog kev kho cua sov yooj yim, thiab suav nrog kev kho kom yooj yim hauv thaj chaw nyob deb nroog.
2. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau siv hauv cov kab tsis muaj pob zeb nrog cov pob zeb sib piv asphalt txaj?
Qhob txaj rails (siab- kab ceev) muaj lub hauv paus nqaim (110-}130mm) thiab nruj nruj (± 0.2mm / m) kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov pob zeb nruj. Asphalt txaj rails (kev thauj mus los hauv nroog) siv lub hauv paus dav (130-150mm) los faib cov khoom thauj ntawm asphalt hloov tau yooj yim thiab zam kev txav me me. Lub txaj txaj txaj yuav tsum muaj zog dua steel (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 880MPa) kom tiv taus cov kev txwv ruaj khov, thaum asphalt txaj rails siv nruab nrab lub zog steel (700-800MPa). Fastener systems txawv: pob zeb txaj siv bolted clamps, asphalt txaj siv elastic clips rau saj zawg zog.
3. Cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv Czech koom pheej (CSN) ua li cas nrog EU cov qauv rau kev hla kev hla -kev hla ciam teb?
CSN cov qauv siv UIC 54 thiab UIC 60 rails rau kev sib raug zoo nrog German (DIN) thiab Austrian (ÖNORM) tes hauj lwm. Lawv feature precision profiles (± 0.3mm) rau siab -Kev ceev Pendolino tsheb ciav hlau thiab txhim kho weldability rau CWR hauv Prague-Berlin txoj kev. Czech rails muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau thaj tsam kev lag luam (Ostrava) thiab kev co damping rau hauv nroog (Prague metro). CSN tswj hwm kev tswj hwm nruj, ua kom cov tsheb ciav hlau ua tau raws li EU cov kev cai sib cuam tshuam rau kev hla kev sib tshuam -kev ua haujlwm ciam teb.
4. Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm rail carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm weldability thiab hnav tsis kam?
Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (0.6-0.7%) txhim kho weldability (tseem ceeb rau CWR) tab sis txo qhov hnav tsis kam. Cov pa roj carbon ntau (0.8-0.9%) txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam (freight rails) tab sis ua rau vuam nyuaj, yuav tsum tau ua ntej - cua sov. High-speed rails sib npaug ntawm 0.7-0.8% carbon, siv cov alloys los txhawb kev hnav tsis kam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau weldability. Cov ntsiab lus carbon yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tawm: cov pa roj carbon tsawg rau cov neeg caij tsheb / CWR kab, cov pa roj carbon ntau rau cov khoom thauj / bolted sib koom ua ke, nrog rau kev kho cua sov kho cov khoom kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
5. Yuav ua li cas cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv Peru (INDECOPI) hais txog Andes roob thiab ntug hiav txwv dej hiav txwv?
INDECOPI cov qauv muaj xws li 40kg / m thiab 50kg / m rails, lub teeb yuag rau roob tsheb thauj mus los. Andes rails muaj lub vev xaib txhawb nqa los tswj 4% gradients thiab seismic kev ua si, thaum ntug hiav txwv rails (Lima-Arequipa) siv tshav kub- cov hlau tiv taus rau cov suab puam. Peruvian rails feature corrosion kuj rau rainy highlands thiab ib tug du nto los txo cov xuab zeb adhesion nyob rau hauv cov suab puam. Lawv muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa tes hauv thaj chaw deb, nrog kev kho cua sov yooj yim kom sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm.