Txawv teb chaws Standard Rail Certification Systems thiab Access Standards nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws
Dab tsi yog cov khoom kuaj tseem ceeb ntawm EU UIC daim ntawv pov thawj thiab cov kev cai nkag mus rau txawv teb chaws tus qauv rails?
EU UIC daim ntawv pov thawj yog daim ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv European lag luam. Cov khoom kuaj tseem ceeb suav nrog plaub pawg: kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntsuas qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, ntsuas cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, thiab kuaj cov cuab yeej qaug zog. Kev txheeb xyuas tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum ua raws li UIC 860-1 tus qauv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav tsum tswj hwm ntawm 0.70%-0.80%, manganese cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1.00%-1.20%, thiab ob qho tib si sulfur thiab phosphorus cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.020% kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib txuam ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau muaj zog thiab tawv. Dimensional precision testing siv lub ntsuas ntsuas peb-dimensional. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me xws li kev tsheb nqaj hlau dav dav thiab lub vev xaib tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li ± 0.3 hli, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau qhov sib txawv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.2 hli / m, ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau siab ntawm European railways. Kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej siv tshuab suav nrog lub zog tensile, lub zog tawm los, thiab kev ntsuas elongation. Lub zog tensile ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum siab dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 880MPa, lub zog tawm los Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 550MPa, thiab elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 10%. Kev soj ntsuam kev qaug zog tau txais kev sim cantilever bending qaug zog, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov voj voog yuav tsum ncav cuag 10 lab zaug yam tsis muaj qhov tawg. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev nkag mus, ntxiv rau kev xeem dhau cov khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau txais ISO 9001 kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kev pov thawj zoo, tsim kom muaj cov khoom lag luam zoo traceability, thiab txhua txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cim cim tshwj xeeb los pab txhawb kev tswj hwm lub neej tag nrho.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm US ASTM daim ntawv pov thawj thiab EU UIC ntawv pov thawj?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm US ASTM daim ntawv pov thawj thiab EU UIC daim ntawv pov thawj tau pom nyob rau hauv peb yam: txheej txheem txheej txheem, kev soj ntsuam tsom, thiab txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj. Raws li cov qauv txheej txheem, ASTM daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li ASTM A1 Qib 2 tus qauv, thiab UIC ntawv pov thawj ua raws li UIC 860 series qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum muaj ntawm ob qhov sib txawv. ASTM tus qauv tso cai rau cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.85%, siab dua 0.80% ntawm UIC tus qauv, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws manganese cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1.35%, kuj siab dua UIC tus qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev soj ntsuam tsom, ASTM daim ntawv pov thawj them nyiaj ntau rau cov hnav tsis kam thiab kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, ntxiv coj mus kuaj thiab txo qhov hnyav cuam tshuam. Kev kuaj hnav yuav tsum tau hnav tus nqi ntawm cov qauv tsheb ciav hlau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.1mm / 1000 cycles, thiab qhov ntsuas qhov poob qis yuav tsum muaj lub zog cuam tshuam ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 30J ntawm -20 degree; UIC daim ntawv pov thawj them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev ua haujlwm qaug zog thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntau dua rau cov khoom thauj mus los hauv kev sim qaug zog. Hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj, ASTM daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub cov qauv kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm peb lub koom haum kuaj thib peb, thiab muab daim ntawv pov thawj pov thawj tom qab dhau qhov kev xeem, nrog rau lub sijhawm siv tau ntawm 3 xyoos; UIC daim ntawv pov thawj xav kom lub tuam txhab xa cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tom qab dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw, kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom tau ua tiav, nrog rau lub sijhawm siv tau ntawv pov thawj ntawm 5 xyoos. Tsis tas li ntawd, ASTM daim ntawv pov thawj muaj feem xyuam rau North American kab, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj UIC muaj feem xyuam rau European, Central Asian thiab lwm yam kab hauv cheeb tsam, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm ob qho tib si tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nkag mus thiab kev hloov kho cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws hauv cov tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj?
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nkag mus rau txawv teb chaws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Es Xias Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj yog cov qauv sib txawv, qhov pib qis, thiab tsom rau kev tswj hwm tus nqi. Qee lub tebchaws tau txais cov qauv UIC, xws li Malaysia thiab Singapore; Qee lub tebchaws tau txais cov qauv hauv tebchaws, xws li Indonesia tus qauv SNI thiab Thaib tus qauv TIS, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov kev nkag mus tau qis dua, tso cai rau qhov tseeb qhov sib txawv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm ± 0.5mm, cov khoom siv kho tshuab yuav tsum qis dua li European thiab Asmeskas cov qauv, thiab lub zog tensile Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 800MPa tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Kev tsom mus rau kev tswj tus nqi yog qhov xav tau tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj. Cov kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv zos feem ntau yog qhov zoo tib yam - cov kab ceev, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, thiab ntau dua rau cov nqi khoom lag luam. Lub tswv yim hloov kho tau muab faib ua peb yam: ua ntej, kev hloov kho cov khoom siv, siv cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg los txo cov nqi tsim khoom thaum ua kom cov khoom siv kho tshuab ua tau raws li cov qauv hauv zos; thib ob, kev hloov kho me me, kho lub qhov ntsia hlau qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teb chaws sib txawv. Piv txwv li, qhov chaw pw tsaug zog ntawm Thaib kab yog 600mm, thiab lub qhov layout yuav tsum tau kho kom haum; thib peb, los tiv thaiv{10}} kev hloov kho corrosion, cov teb chaws Asia muaj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau txais cov kub-dip galvanizing los tiv thaiv{12}}corrosion txheej nrog lub thickness tswj ntawm 10-15μm kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntsev tsuag tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 500 teev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yuav tsum muab cov lus Askiv versions ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv xeem rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv zos.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb npaj cov ntsiab lus rau txawv teb chaws tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau?
Cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txawv teb chaws tau muab faib ua plaub theem: daim ntawv thov theem, qib tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, theem kev sim khoom, thiab theem muab ntawv pov thawj. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov, daim ntawv thov kev lees paub yuav tsum raug xa mus rau lub koom haum muab ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub teb chaws lub hom phiaj, qhia txog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, qauv, kev siv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom pov thawj, thiab cov nqi ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau them tib lub sijhawm. Hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov qauv kev yuav khoom raw thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xa. Lub koom haum muab ntawv pov thawj yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tiav thiab ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv los txiav txim seb lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Nyob rau theem kev sim cov khoom, cov khoom sawv cev yuav tsum tau muab coj mus kuaj thiab xa mus rau ib qho thib peb -toj xeem lub koom haum rau kev ntsuam xyuas raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tus qauv. Cov khoom kuaj muaj xws li tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab lwm yam, thiab lub voj voog ntsuas feem ntau yog 1-3 lub hlis. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm muab ntawv pov thawj, tom qab ob qho tib si tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom kuaj tau tsim nyog, lub cev ntawv pov thawj yuav muab daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem muag cov khoom mus rau lub teb chaws lub hom phiaj. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog peb yam: thawj zaug, daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam, uas yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm lub koom haum thib peb uas tsim nyog, nrog cov ntsiab lus tiav thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug; thib ob, cov ntaub ntawv kev tswj xyuas zoo, uas yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tswj tau zoo, cov qauv tshuaj xyuas, cov txheej txheem traceability, thiab lwm yam hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom; thib peb, daim ntawv pov thawj kev tsim nyog kev lag luam, suav nrog daim ntawv tso cai ua lag luam, ISO 9001 daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam, los ua pov thawj tias lub tuam txhab muaj kev tsim nyog tsim nyog. Kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov cai ntawm lub cev ntawv pov thawj kom tsis txhob muaj ntawv pov thawj qeeb vim cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev ntsuas kev tswj xyuas zoo rau cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws tom qab ntawv pov thawj?
Kev ntsuas kev tswj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txawv teb chaws tom qab tau ntawv pov thawj suav nrog peb yam: kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv tsis tu ncua, thiab cov neeg siv khoom tawm tswv yim taug qab. Kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev tswj xyuas cov ntsiab lus zoo rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau dov, kev kho cua sov thiab lwm yam txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li cov qauv thaum lub sij hawm muab ntawv pov thawj, nrog parameter sib txawv tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau ± 5%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej kuaj hauv online yog siv los saib xyuas cov khoom seem ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov loj ntawm txhua txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawv pov thawj. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau ua rov qab- kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib feem ntawm cov khoom txhua lub hlis twg raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub cev ntawv pov thawj. Cov re-cov khoom tshuaj xyuas yog ua raws li cov khoom siv kuaj cov ntawv pov thawj, suav nrog tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev qaug zog, thiab lwm yam. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv tom qab dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas rov qab -. Cov neeg siv khoom tawm tswv yim taug qab yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws tom qab -muag kev pabcuam, sau cov neeg siv khoom tawm tswv yim raws sijhawm, nkag siab txog kev pabcuam ntawm cov hlua hauv cov kab tiag tiag, thiab tsim cov kev ntsuas kev txhim kho raws sijhawm raws li cov teeb meem zoo los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lub koom haum muab ntawv pov thawj, xa cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov khoom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo. Thaum cov qauv ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub teb chaws lub hom phiaj tau hloov kho, cov lag luam yuav tsum tau kho cov khoom tsim thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom raws sij hawm, rov- coj cov khoom kuaj, thiab tswj xyuas cov khoom siv tau ntawv pov thawj.