Fastening System Loosening Prevention Technology thiab Adaptation Solutions rau txawv kev vibration
Dab tsi yog cov qauv tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tshuab los tiv thaiv -loosing rau fastening systems nyob rau hauv hnyav -haul kab?
Hnyav- cov kab tsheb thauj mus los yog qhov loj thiab ntev - kev vibration loads ntev, yog li cov neeg kho tshuab los tiv thaiv -loosing qauv yuav tsum tsom rau kev txhim kho kev sib koom tes ruaj khov ntawm bolts thiab txiv ntseej. Ua ntej, aob - txiv ntseej los tiv thaiv -loosing qauvyog nyiam. Cov txiv ntseej tseem ceeb muab cov khoom ua ntej, thaum lub txiv ntoo thib ob kaw lub txiv ntoo tseem ceeb los ntawm axial quab yuam tsim los ntawm kev thim rov qab. Lub torque nruj ntawm ob yuav tsum sib txawv los ntawm 20% -30% kom tsis txhob synchronous loosening tshwm sim los ntawm ib txwm torque. Thib ob, aserrated anti-loosing washeryog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm lub txiv ntseej thiab lub phaj siab. Lub sawtooth kev taw qhia yog opposite rau lub bolt zawm kev taw qhia. Thaum lub sij hawm vibration, cov saw hniav tuaj yeem embed rau hauv lub phaj siab nto los ua kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm, thiab kev tiv thaiv -loosing nyhuv ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws no ntau dua 4 npaug ntawm cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv bolt xov tau ua kom zoo dua los ntawm kev siv cov xov zoo zoo -pitch threads es tsis txhob coarse-pitch threads. Fine-pitch threads muaj qhov me me thiab qhov chaw sib cuag loj ntawm cov hniav, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev co kev ntxhov siab thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xoob. Thaum kawg, akev sib hloov- tiv thaiv tus pin qhovyog tsim rau ntawm lub taub hau ntsia liaj qhov rooj, thiab ib tug positioning pin yog muab tso rau thaum lub sij hawm installation los txwv txoj kev ywj pheej rotational ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, uas yog haum rau hnyav -haul hub seem uas tsis tshua muaj siab vibration frequencies. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv tsim no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv -loosing lub neej ntawm lub fastening system nyob rau hauv hnyav- cov kab rau 3 npaug ntawm cov qauv zoo tib yam.
Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv -loosing txheej txheem thiab daim ntawv thov ceev faj rau kev ceev cov tshuab hauv siab - cov kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev?
Lub siab - zaus vibration ntawm siab - txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev ua rau cov kev xav tau nruj ntawm kev sib khi lub zog thiab kev laus ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - xoob, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yog qhovxov- txheej txheem txheej txheej nplaum nplaum. Ua ntej, cov xov anaerobic - kaw cov nplaum yuav tsum raug xaiv. Cov nplaum zoo li no kho tau sai heev thaum sib cais los ntawm huab cua los ua qhov siab - lub zog sib khi txheej, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev vibration zaus ntawm 30-50Hz ntawm siab- tsheb ciav hlau ceev, thiab lub zog shear tom qab kho yuav tsum siab dua lossis sib npaug li 25MPa. Ua ntej txheej, cov bolt threads yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov roj stains thiab oxide nplai. Txheej thiab kev teeb tsa yuav tsum ua kom tiav tsis pub dhau 4 teev tom qab ntxuav kom tsis txhob rov- kis kab mob ntawm cov xov nto nrog impurities uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej, "uniform spot coating method" yog saws, siv cov nplaum ntawm 3 qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xov, nrog rau cov nplaum nplaum ntawm txhua qhov chaw tswj ntawm 0.1-0.2g. Cov nplaum nplaum ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov dej ntws tawm thiab ua rau cov kab nrib pleb, thaum cov nplaum tsis txaus tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem ua tiav. Hais txog kev ceev faj ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov xov- xauv cov nplaum yuav tsum tau preheated ntawm 20-25℃nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig los xyuas kom meej qhov curing ceev ntawm cov nplaum; ib tug tshwj xeeb torque wrench yuav tsum tau siv rau disassembly, siv ib tug quab yuam 50% ntau tshaj li cov pa disassembly torque kom tsis txhob xov puas los ntawm kev quab yuam disassembly. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob -loosing txheej txheem thiab cov neeg kho tshuab los tiv thaiv xoob tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev kub ceev railway kab.
Dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev sim thiab ntsuas ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv -loosing kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab fastening?
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv -loosing kev ua tau zoo ntawm fastening systems yog qhovvibration rooj nrawm nrawm kuaj, uas simulates lub vibration tej yam kev mob ntawm txawv kab rau durability kuaj. Ua ntej, cov qauv sib dhos fastening yog tsau rau ntawm lub rooj vibration, thiab lub vibration zaus thiab amplitude yog teem. Rau hnyav-cov kab qauv coj mus kuaj, qhov vibration zaus yog 10-20Hz thiab qhov amplitude yog 0.5-1mm; rau siab-cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev, qhov kev vibration zaus yog 30-50Hz thiab qhov amplitude yog 0.1-0.3mm, nrog lub sijhawm vibration tsis tu ncua tsis pub tsawg tshaj 100 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev xeem, lub preload attenuation tus nqi ntawm cov bolts yog ntsuas txhua txhua 10 teev, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntsuas ntsuas. Tus nqi preload attenuation rau hnyav- cov kab tsheb yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10%, thiab rau siab - cov kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5%. Qhov thib ob, qhov℃ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xov yog kuaj. Tom qab disassembly, saib seb puas muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li xov slipping thiab deformation ntawm xov nto, thiab qhov chaw tsis xws luag yuav tsum tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 5%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev tiv thaiv -loosing Cheebtsam raug soj ntsuam, xws li seb cov saw hlau ntawm anti- loosening washer puas lawm thiab seb cov xov xauv cov nplaum puas tau poob. Thaum kawg, ntawm qhov chaw taug qab kev sim ntawm kab yog ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem fastening ntawm seem kev xeem raug xaiv, thiab qhov preload raug sim txhua txhua 3 lub hlis rau 1 xyoo sib law liag. Ib tug preload retention rate Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 90% yog suav hais tias tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev sim dual ntawm qhov kev sim ntsuas nrawm thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov chaw, qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv kev xoob tuaj yeem ntsuas tau zoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb optimization ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv -loo ntawm fastening systems nyob rau hauv alpine cheeb tsam?
Qhov qis -kub khov- thaw cycles nyob rau hauv alpine cheeb tsam yuav ua rau kom lub loosening ntawm fastening systems, thiab tshwj xeeb optimization ntsuas yuav tsum tsom raucov khoom txias tsis kam thiab cov qauv Frost heave kuj. Ua ntej,qis-kub tawv steelxws li Q355D qib steel yog siv los tiv thaiv -loosing washers thiab txiv ntseej, uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau zoo toughness txawm nyob rau hauv qis - kub ib puag ncig ntawm -40 degree, zam tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv -loosing lug vim qis - kub embrittlement. Qhov thib ob, cov xov-xauv nplaum yog hloov nrog alow-kub curing hom. Qhov tsawg kawg yog curing kub ntawm hom nplaum no tuaj yeem qis li -20 degree, thiab nws yuav tsis ua nkig thiab tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tom qab kho, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog attenuation tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 8%. Tom qab ntawd, apolyurethane thermal rwb thaiv tsev tes tshonrog lub thickness ntawm 5-8mm yog ntsia rau ntawm lub anchoring ib feem ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab cov pw tsaug zog. Lub tes tsho thermal rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tiv thaiv bolt loosening tshwm sim los ntawm te heave thiab shrinkage ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas anchoring. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, preload tswj ntawm lub bolt yog optimized. Lub preload ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob rau hauv qis-kub ib puag ncig yuav tsum yog 15% -20% siab tshaj qhov uas nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub kom offset cov khoom shrinkage kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim los ntawm tsis kub. Thaum kawg,tiv thaiv -kev kho kom khovntawm cov txheej txheem fastening yog ua tsis tu ncua, thiab qis - roj roj yog siv rau cov xov xov. Cov roj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej khov thiab daus los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov xov sib txawv kom ua rau khov thiab xeb, thiab txo kev sib txhuam thaum lub sij hawm vibration kom txo qis kev txhawb zog. Cov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov chaw huab cua ntawm thaj chaw alpine thiab xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv -loosing nyhuv ntawm lub kaw lus fastening.
Dab tsi yog cov nqi sib piv thiab xaiv cov tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv sib txawv -loosing technologies?
Kev tiv thaiv-loosing technologies ntawm fastening systems feem ntau yog muab faib ua peb pawg: mechanical anti-loosing, chemical anti-loosing and together anti-loosing, nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov nqi thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau. Mechanical anti-loosing muaj tus nqi qis tshaj. Tus nqi ib zaug -set tus nqi ntawm ob lub txiv ntseej + tiv thaiv- loosening washers yog 10%-15% siab dua li cov khoom siv fastening zoo tib yam, tab sis cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa yooj yim, tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej ntxiv, thiab cov nqi zog tsawg. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev thiab ceg kab, qhov twg qhov kev vibration load me me thiab cov neeg kho tshuab los tiv thaiv - loosening tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tshuaj tiv thaiv-loosing muaj tus nqi nruab nrab. Tus nqi ib zaug -set nqi nce 20%-25% nrog xov- xauv nplaum, thiab cov cuab yeej ntxuav tshwj xeeb thiab txheej yog xav tau, nrog rau cov nqi zog me ntsis. Nws yog haum rau nruab nrab - vibration seem ntawm siab - txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev, nrog ruaj khov los tiv thaiv -loosing nyhuv thiab yooj yim disassembly rau kev kho tom qab. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ua ke -loosing muaj tus nqi siab tshaj. Tus nqi ib zaug -set nqi nce 30%-40% nrog cov neeg kho tshuab + tshuaj tiv thaiv- xoob, tab sis nws muaj lub neej ntev tshaj los tiv thaiv xoob. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntu tseem ceeb uas muaj kev vibration hnyav xws li cov tsheb ciav hlau hnyav thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev. Txawm hais tias thawj zaug peev yog siab, nws tuaj yeem txo cov nqi txij nkawm tom qab. Cov lus qhia xaiv yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws + nqi optimization". Mechanical anti-loosing yog nyiam rau qhov zoo tib yam - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev, tshuaj tiv thaiv -loosing rau feem dav ntawm siab -ceev railways, thiab ua ke los tiv thaiv- loosening rau hnyav-haul thiab hub seem. Tib lub sij hawm, kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev txij nkawm{9} txoj kab yuav tsum yooj yim. nruab yog nyiam rau cov kab nyob deb nroog uas muaj kev txwv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke los tiv thaiv- xoob tuaj yeem xaiv rau cov kab hauv lub cev nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev saib xyuas.