Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Technology rau Hnav-Resistant Strengthening thiab Seamless Retrofitting ntawm Fishplate Joints
Dab tsi yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm fishplate ob leeg hnav thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau kev caij tsheb?
Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm fishplate ob leeg hnav muaj xws li peb pawg tseem ceeb: lub log -rail cuam tshuam hnav, fretting hnav, thiab corrosion hnav. Log -rail cuam tshuam hnav tshwm sim thaum lub tsheb ciav hlau hla qhov sib koom ua ke, ua rau lub log cuam tshuam nrog kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab phaj ntses ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, ua rau cov hlau tawg ntawm qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau, nrog qhov hnav qhov tob txog 1-2 hli. Fretting hnav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm lub phaj phaj thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, qhov chaw uas lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis zawv zawg hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau thauj khoom, ua rau oxidation hnav ntawm qhov sib cuag ntawm cov hlau thiab cov khoom ntim ntawm cov khib nyiab. Corrosion hnav yog tshwm sim los ntawm electrochemical corrosion vim dej tsub zuj zuj thiab ya raws ntawm kev sib koom ua ke; corrosion pits ceev cov txheej txheem hnav, ua kom sib koom ua ke tus nqi ntau dua ob zaug. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau kev caij tsheb yog tias kev sib koom ua ke ua rau tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, tsim kom muaj "kauj ruam" nyhuv. Thaum lub tsheb ciav hlau hla dhau, nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntsug ntawm kev vibration nrog kev nrawm dua 0.5g, deb tshaj li 0.1g caij kev nplij siab tus qauv rau siab - tsheb ciav hlau ceev. Kev cuam tshuam kev vibrations exacerbate lub dynamic kev sib tshuam ntawm lub log thiab tsheb ciav hlau, ua rau lub log-rail suab nrov, txo cov neeg caij tsheb kev nplij siab, thiab accelerating qaug zog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm khiav Cheebtsam.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem hardening thiab hnav tsis kam txhim kho cov teebmeem ntawm hnyav-cov dej num ntawm cov phaj phaj?
Hnyav-lub luag haujlwm fishplate pob qij txha siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua kom tawv tawv ntawm laser quenching thiab plasma txau. Laser quenching ntiav 10kW fiber ntau laser nrog scanning ceev ntawm 5mm / s, tsim 2 hli sib sib zog nqus quenching txheej ntawm cov ntses phaj rail nto, ua tiav hardness ntawm HRC58-62 thiab txhim kho hnav tsis kam los ntawm 3 zaug. Plasma spraying siv hlau-raws li alloy hmoov, nrog 3 hli tuab txau txheej uas metallurgically bonds nrog cov ntses phaj substrate, ua tiav lub zog sib txuas ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 30MPa thiab zoo heev cuam tshuam thiab hnav tsis kam. Tom qab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, cov phaj phaj sib koom ua ke muaj qhov roughness Ra tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6μm thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.1 hli, ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv nrog txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab tshem tawm cov nyhuv "kauj ruam". Kev ntsuas kev hnav tsis kam pom tau tias tom qab 1 lab lub log{22}} kev ntsuas kev sib tw, qhov sib koom ua ke qhov tob tsuas yog 0.2 hli, uas yog 1/5 ntawm cov tsoos fishplates, ua tau raws li cov kev pabcuam ntawm 10,000-tuj hnyav-haul tsheb ciav hlau. Tom qab qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntses loj tau siv rau cov kab hnyav hnyav, lub tsheb ciav hlau vibration acceleration tau txo los ntawm 40%, txhim kho kev caij tsheb zoo.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tswj tau zoo rau kev hloov kho seamless ntawm siab -ceev rail fishplate pob qij txha?
Kev hloov kho seamless ntawm siab - ceev rail fishplate pob qij txha txais cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm aluminothermic vuam + sib tsoo thiab ua tiav. Cov flux siv nyob rau hauv aluminothermic welding yog ib qib tshwj xeeb rau siab - tsheb ciav hlau ceev, thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau weld yog zoo ib yam nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau, kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog weld sib tw rau lub cev rail. Ua ntej vuam, lub tsheb ciav hlau sib koom yuav tsum tau preheated, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias tswj ntawm 300-350 degree, thiab qhov preheating ntau yog 100mm ntawm txhua sab ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke kom tsis txhob txias tawg thaum vuam. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, combustion kub ntawm cov flux yog nruj me ntsis tswj. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 2500 degree, cov hlau molten ua rau qhov sib koom ua ke, ua tiav qhov sib txuas. Tom qab welding, lub vuam yog tiav siv CNC grinder. Tom qab sib tsoo, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.05 hli, thiab qhov roughness Ra tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1.6μm, kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas tsis sib haum nrog cov kab tsheb ciav hlau. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo muaj xws li weld flaw detection. Ultrasonic flaw detector yog siv los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov vuam. Cov teeb meem loj dua lossis sib npaug li 3 hli ntev yog suav tias tsis tuaj yeem lees txais thiab yuav tsum tau rov vuam dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hardness gradient ntawm cov weld raug kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias tus nqi hardness zoo ib yam nrog lub tsheb ciav hlau lub cev, tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntev thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas rau seamless fishplate sib koom ua ke retrofit?
Lub qhov ntev tseem ceeb rau seamless fishplate sib koom ua ke retrofit suav nrog peb pawg tseem ceeb: kev ua haujlwm zoo, caij kev nplij siab, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. Cov ntsuas ntsuas rau qhov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab muaj xws li weld tensile lub zog, tawm lub zog, thiab cuam tshuam toughness. Cov kev xav tau yog weld tensile lub zog Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 980MPa, lub zog tawm los Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 880MPa, thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov hnyav dua lossis sib npaug rau 30J / cm², ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Cov kev ntsuas ntsuas rau kev caij tsheb muaj xws li lub log-rail vibration acceleration thiab rail deg irregularity. Kev vibration acceleration yuav tsum tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.1g, thiab rail deg irregularity Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.05mm / m, ua tau raws li siab -speed tsheb ciav hlau kev nplij siab qauv. Cov kev ntsuas ntsuas rau lub neej kev pabcuam suav nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws hnav thiab lub neej qaug zog. Hnav tus nqi yuav tsum tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.05mm / xyoo, thiab lub neej qaug zog ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 8 lab cycles, peb npaug ntawm cov tsoos fishplate pob qij txha. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas tus nqi tom qab kev hloov kho yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam, yuav tsum tau ncua sijhawm txij li 5 xyoos thiab txo tus nqi kho 50%, ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo.
Cov kev sim thiab cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo yog dab tsi rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev hloov kho seamless ntawm fishplate pob qij txha?
Txoj kev kuaj tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv seamless ntawm cov pob qij txha ntses yog kuaj ultrasonic, uas kuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag xws li porosity, slag inclusions, thiab tawg hauv qhov vuam. Ib qho kev sib npaug ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau φ2mm yog pom tau. Txoj kev kuaj kev pabcuam yog kev kuaj xyuas lub tsheb dynamic, uas sau cov ntaub ntawv xws li kev tsheb ciav hlau qhov tsis sib xws thiab lub log-rail vibration acceleration los soj ntsuam kev caij tsheb. Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo txhua yam tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ntsuas universal. Kev ntsuam xyuas tensile txiav txim siab tensile lub zog ntawm weld, kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam toughness, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas hardness txiav txim siab hardness gradient faib. Cov txheej txheem kev ntsuam xyuas yog: tag nrho cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab ua tau raws li cov qauv, thiab cov vuam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo tshaj li cov qauv; lub caij smoothness ua tau raws li siab - cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev, nrog kev vibration acceleration Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.1g; Lub neej kev pabcuam tau ua raws li cov qauv tsim, nrog tus nqi hnav tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.05mm / xyoo; thiab cov nqi kho mob raug txo los ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 50%. Yog tias ib qho kev ntsuas ntsuas ua tsis tau raws li tus qauv, qhov laj thawj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thiab kho cov ntsuas ntsuas. Piv txwv li, tsis txaus weld hardness yuav tsum tau re-quenching, thiab tsis sib xws rail nto yuav tsum tau re- sib tsoo thiab ua kom tiav los xyuas kom meej qhov kev hloov kho tau raws li cov qauv tsim.