Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm National Standard thiab Foreign Standard Rails
Vim li cas cov ntsiab lus carbon sib txawv ntawm GB 60kg / m rail thiab UIC60 rail cuam tshuam rau kev hnav- tiv taus lub neej?
Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm GB 60kg / m rail yog li 0.70%-0.80%, thaum UIC60 rail yog 0.85%{10}}0.95%. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua ua rau muaj zog dua ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau matrix thiab zoo dua hnav tsis kam. UIC rail muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm martensite nyob rau hauv lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hnav tsis zoo los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm lub log-rail. GB rail muaj cov ntsiab lus qis dua thiab qis dua hardness; nyob rau hauv hnyav load thiab high-frequency kev sib txhuam, lub tsheb ciav hlau lub taub hau yog nquag hnav thiab spalling. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau ntxiv yuav ua rau kom lub brittleness ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. UIC txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum sib npaug los ntawm kev sib tw thiab kev kho kom sov, uas yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Yog li, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev hnav tsis kam ntawm ob hom kev sib tw.
Cov txheej txheem sab nrauv feem ntau ntxiv chromium thiab vanadium alloy ntsiab. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas lawv tau muab piv nrog GB rails?
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm chromium thiab vanadium rau cov txheej txheem sab nrauv tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov nplej, txhim kho lub zog tensile thiab qaug zog. Chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hardenability ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, ua rau lub hardness faib ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau ntau dua thiab tsis txhob muaj qhov muag muag hauv zos; vanadium tuaj yeem tsim cov carbide, txhim kho qhov hnav thiab cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. GB rails feem ntau qis- alloy lossis tsis yog- cov ntaub ntawv alloy, tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv siab -ceev thiab hnyav- load tej yam kev mob, lawv muaj feem xyuam rau yas deformation ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem nrog ntxiv cov alloys tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej kev pab cuam los ntawm 20% -30% piv nrog GB rails, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau cov kab qib siab.
Vim li cas cov kab hauv qhov txias thiab siab - thaj chaw siab yuav tsum xaiv cov txheej txheem sab nrauv uas muaj phosphorus thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus es tsis txhob GB rails?
Lub siab txwv ntawm phosphorus thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv GB rails yog 0.04%, thaum cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txias txias - rails resistant yog tswj hauv qab 0.025%. Tsawg impurity cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txo qhov txias brittleness hloov kub. Hauv qhov txias thiab siab - thaj chaw siab, qhov kub tsis tshua muaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau yuav ua rau tawg tawg. Phosphorus thiab sulfur, raws li cov ntsiab lus teeb meem, yuav ua rau kom brittleness ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab ua kom tawg tawg. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem sab nrauv txo cov impurities los ntawm kev siv tshuab ua kom zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qis - qhov kub thiab txias thiab ua kom cov yas zoo txawm tias nyob hauv ib puag ncig hauv qab -40℃. GB rails muaj cov ntsiab lus impurity siab thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nkig tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau lawv tsis haum rau tso rau hauv qhov chaw txias thiab qhov chaw siab. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb embodiment ntawm cov khoom adaptability.
Yuav ua li cas qhov txawv ntawm hardenability ntawm rail cov ntaub ntawv yuav cuam tshuam lub hardness gradient ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau lub taub hau?
Rails nrog zoo hardenability muaj ib tug ntau softness hardness gradient los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau lub taub hau, thiab cov kev nyuaj siab faib yog ntau uniform nyob rau hauv quab yuam. Lub hardenability ntawm cov txheej txheem sab nrauv yog zoo dua li ntawm GB rails. Qhov tawv tawv ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem ncav cuag HB360-400, thiab cov tub ntxhais hardness tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau siab dua HB300, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub log tau zoo- kev sib cuag kev nyuaj siab. GB rails muaj qhov tsis zoo hardenability, nrog ntau dhau qhov tawv tawv ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov tub ntxhais tsis tshua muaj zog, ua rau "lub plhaub tawv thiab cov tub ntxhais mos". Raws li kev quab yuam, micro- tawg yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim ntawm lub interface. Nyob rau hauv ntev- lub sij hawm hloov loads, micro-cracks yuav propagate sai, ua rau rail head spalling thiab cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb tsav tsheb.
Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm GB thiab cov qauv txheej txheem los ntawm kev kuaj cov khoom?
Spectrometer tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas cov pa roj carbon, manganese thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau. Rails nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 0.85% thiab manganese cov ntsiab lus 1.0%-1.5% muaj kev hnav zoo dua. Tom qab ntawd, Brinell hardness tester yog siv los kuaj xyuas qhov tawv tawv ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau. Rails nrog hardness Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau HB360 ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau hnav tsis kam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ntsuas qhov hnyav poob tuaj yeem ua tiav los kuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam toughness. Qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov txheej txheem sab nrauv feem ntau yog 15% -20% siab dua li ntawm GB rails. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb qhov kev sim no, kev hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab sai, muab lub hauv paus rau kev xaiv kab.